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Info EDUARD 06/2010, Page 15
Info EDUARD 06/2010, Page 16
Eduard Info 2010 page 16
The development and production of military aircraft
in Germany at the end of the war was impacted on
by virtually everything one can think of. There was
a lack of strategic raw materials, delays in the develo-
pment of new engines, a shortage of quality C3 fuel,
and above all, a shortage of time.
When contemplation was being made as to which
in-line engine to install into the Focke-Wulf Fw 190,
the decision was quickly made in favor of Junkers’
Jumo 213A. Not because it was readily available,
but because newer engines in the works were still
being developed, or their production was dedicated
to other types (such as the Daimler Benz DB 605 for
the Messerscmitt Bf 109G).
With the installation of the Jumo 213A came the
‘Dora’, or the Fw 190 D-9, and production was ini-
tiated in August, 1944. Initially, the aircraft was met
with skepticism, but this quickly turned to enthusiasm
among pilots of the ‘Longnose Dora’ The engine pro-
duced 1750 hp, and with MW 50 injection, the output
was raised for short bursts by a useful amount.
The armament consisted of 13mm MG131 machine
guns in the upper fuselage, and two 20mm cannon in
the wing roots.
So, the Dora was introduced into combat, and un-
derstandably, the designers turned their attention
on ways to increase the aircraft’s performance and
armament. Work was begun in the summer and
fall of 1944 on prototypes of the Fw 190 D-12 and
Fw 190 D-13. These had two main things in common:
one, they were powered by the long awaited Jumo
213 F (rated at 1870 hp and 2050 hp with MW 50),
and two, these engines were designed to use B4
fuel, with an octane rating of 87, instead of C3 fuel,
which had a higher octane value but was in hope-
lessly short supply.
The armament was switched from two 13mm machine
guns above the engine to a cannon with its barrel in
the engine shaft. In the case of the Fw 190 D-12,
this was to have been a 30 mm MK 108, and in the
D-13, a 20 mm MG 151. Furthermore, both versions
were to be equipped with instrumentation for adverse
weather ying, and some were to also have the
EZ 42 gyroscopic gunsight, which was being combat
tested in the fall of 1944.
D-12 Doras were to be manufactured by Arado and
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Roland. The latter produced
the rst Fw 190 D-13s. However, initiating the pro-
duction of both versions was constantly delayed,
and it appears as though the production of the D-12
was never initiated at all. The rst D-13 produced
by Focke-Wulf weren’t delivered until March, 1945.
For this reason, it was decided to initiate production
of a D-9 and D-12/D-13 hybrid as an interim (Zwis-
chenserie) solution. Testing of the Fw 190 D-11 pro-
totype was begun as early as August and September,
Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-11 Jan Bobek
The photograph illustrates Focke-Wulf
Flugzeugbau GmbH’s production facility
in Sorau. The Allies mounted 61 attacks
on this company’s facilities during the
war, hitting this one twice, both times in
the spring of 1944, and each time caus-
ing about 50% destruction to the area.
Production was restarted quite quickly,
usually with the help of external person-
nel that weren’t recovering from shock
after the bombardment. In one instance,
production in machine tool plant was able
to restart in 48 hours.
Thanks to the Allied attacks, Focke-Wulf
lled about 73% of its orders during 1944,
and about 50,000 man-hours were need-
ed for the cleanup and repairs necessary.
The factory at Sorau at the end
of the war produced the Fw 190 D-11,
and employed about 4,500 people.
The company employed a total of about
30,000 people, out of which some 50%
were from concentration camps and
forced labor from occupied countries.
Among the biggest problems caused by
the bombings was the disruption of pro-
duction at the Focke-Wulf plant in Gassen
and production of plexiglass by Rohm
& Hass in Darmstadt.
(NARA, via Footnote.com)
Info EDUARD 06/2010, Page 17

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