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Info EDUARD 03/2022, Page 13
Info EDUARD 03/2022, Page 14
The twenties were spent by the USS Ari-
zona fulfilling normal peacetime duties in
both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with
foreign missions being a matter of oppor-
tunity. The most significant of these was
a trip to Australia and New Zealand in
1925. An important footnote in the career
of the Arizona came on August 21, 1921,
when she was incorporated into the Paci-
fic Fleet, where she would serve until her
very end. Peacetime activities continued
with the only interruptions being stays in
shipyards for essential repairs, mainte-
nance and upgrades.
Anchored in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, 1 January 1920 (photo: U.S. Naval History and Heritage
Command).
View of number 3 turret, with a Nieuport 28 airplane on the flying-off platform, at Guantana-
mo Bay, Cuba, circa spring 1921. Note: airing hammocks and mainmast details (photo: U.S.
Naval History and Heritage Command).
Changes and Modifications
to 1929
Although there were no major changes
made to the ship through the first phase
of her service career that ended with the
first real modernization in 1929, there was
a list of smaller modifications that were
made. These generally reflected the ex-
periences of the First World War gained
not by only the US Navy, but of America’s
main ally, Britain’s Royal Navy. Starting
in 1918, eight 127mm (5 inch) guns were
eliminated from the ship’s armament, si-
tuated in casemates at the bow and the
stern of the vessel. The reason was clear.
Ocean spray, even under relatively calm
conditions, made their functioning pro-
blematic. The original quartet of 76.2mm (
3 inch) anti-aircraft guns were doubled in
1923, the additions being installed in pairs
on the superstructure deck next to the
bridge. There were also changes made to
her targeting system and she was equi-
pped with a twenty foot rangefinder and
the roof of Turret No.3 mounted a twelve
foot unit. The original open, very cramped
bridge was also removed and replaced by
a new, enclosed construction with win-
dows and adjoining open walkways to it,
positioned between the command tower
and the forward mast. Probably the most
noticeable modifications were made to
both masts, specifically to the platforms
that supported them. Observations posts,
torpedo fire control stations and 127mm
(5 inch) guns were all moved higher up.
At the same time, they were covered and
had retractable windows installed. Also,
the position of the four-group searchli-
ghts that were located on the forward and
main masts were moved to a new raised
platform. Both masts acquired framework
for new radio and communication items.
As a result of Royal Navy experiences
gained at the end of the First World War,
an order was issued in 1919 to equip ei-
ght US Navy vessels with ramps to launch
single seat aircraft. Initially, this was to
be fighter aircraft. In January, 1920, the
Arizona was equipped with two such fe-
atures, mounted above Turrets No.2 and
3. Each was made up of two parts, with
one being a fixed structure on the turret
roof, and a collapsible section fixed to the
barrels via sleeves. The system allowed
for gun elevation with the structure in
place and their use without having to be
removed to fire the main weapons. Period
photographs indicate that these structu-
res were ready for main disassembly and
generally assembled completely only
when there were known intentions of
launching aircraft. The aircraft that were
carried at this time were the Sopwith
Camel, Nieuport 28 and the Hanriot HD.2.
As with other navies, it was found that
this concept was ineffective, and only
the smallest, lightest single-seat aircraft
could be launched, and then only under
ideal conditions. Outside of the range of
a land base, the aircraft’s flight would
end in the drink, with the loss of same
and perhaps its pilot. The combat value
of a single aircraft for the protection of
a surface vessel against a concentrated
attack was, at best, debatable, as was
the effectiveness of a reconnaissance or
observation aircraft without an observer,
radio equipment, or a way to be retrieved
back on board the ship. Although there
are films of launches from these ramps
as late as 1922, float equipped aircraft be-
gan to appear by 1920, lowered from and
raised onto the deck by a folding boom
at the stern of the ship. These were then
typically Vought VE-7H, UO-1, FU-1 and
O2U Corsair. In June, 1925, a compressed
air powered catapult was installed at the
stern of the ship during repairs conducted
at the naval dock at Puget Sound Naval
Ship Yard in Bremerton, Washington. Usu-
ally, two aircraft were carried, one on the
catapult and the other next to it on a cart.
HISTORY
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March 2022
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