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The USS Arizona (BB 39) was one of ten dreadnoughts to be
built at the beginning of the twentieth century. For the US Navy,
these ships meant American membership to a group of deci-
sively powerful navies, and ensured American influence in not
only the Atlantic, but also the Pacific Ocean. The latter witne-
ssed a clearly increasing threat posed by the dynamic expansi-
on of the Imperial Japanese Navy from the turn of the century.
The vast majority of her companion ships ended their careers
via naval asset limitation treaties or as a result of the end of the
Second World War. These ships then only remained preserved
in the minds of their crews, or in the archives of naval histori-
ans and enthusiasts. The fate of the Arizona would be different.
The USS Arizona would forever be written into history as a sym-
bol of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,
bringing about America’s entry into World War Two. The reason
for this lies in her spectacular devastation and the loss of life
amongst her crew, which accounted for practically half of all
losses as a result of the Japanese attack, and also the fact that
she currently lies at the bottom of the largest American naval
base in the Pacific.
The Pennsylvania Class, to which the USS
Arizona belonged together with the lead
ship for which it is named, was the se-
venth class of dreadnought to be built for
the USS Navy, and the third to be armed
with 356mm (14-inch) guns. These closely
followed the pattern of the previous pair
of Nevada and Oklahoma and represented
a conceptually enlarged version of them,
with an increase in displacement of some
4,200 tons, to 32,500 tons. The basic con-
ceptual scheme remained the same, with
the main armament consisting of four
turrets paired front and rear, positioned
over each other, as did the exhaust being
vented through a single smokestack
in the ship’s centre section. The ship’s
silhouette was characterized by a pair of
truss masts, and the number of 14-inch
guns went from ten to twelve placed in
three-gun turrets. Secondary armament
consisted of 22 127mm (5-inch) guns.
Twenty of these were placed in single
mounts, ten on each side of the ship, and
two were positioned on the superstructu-
re deck on the sides of the bridge. These
weapons were rapid fire guns intended to
be used against surface targets, particu-
larly torpedo boats. Anti aircraft protec-
tion was provided by four 76mm (3-inch)
guns. Two were positioned on Turret No.3,
and the other two were located at the rear
of the raised deck. The armament also in-
cluded the then-standard below water-
line side mounted torpedo launch tubes
of 533mm caliber, or 21 inches. There
were eight searchlights grouped in fours
on the front and main masts. Power was
provided by twelve boilers made by Bab-
cock and Wilcox burning fuel oil. These
powered four sets of Parsons steam tur-
bines, each set of two turbines powering
one shaft, and each of these four shafts
drove a four blade propeller of 3.7m dia-
meter. The power output was 31,500 shp
and provided the specified speed of 21
knots (24 mph). Fuel capacity amounted
to 2,332 tons and allowed for a range of
Title photo: USS Arizona pitching in heavy seas after her modernization in early 1930´s. Offi-
cial U.S. Navy Photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives (photo: National
Archives).
USS Arizona
Part One
Zdeněk Novák
The Arizona from a Technical Perspective
HISTORY
INFO Eduard6
March 2022
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