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Info EDUARD 05/2021, Page 11
Info EDUARD 05/2021, Page 12
The same scenario happened in Guernsey.
In total the German bombers dropped 180
bombs. Ambrose Sherwill, Attorney General
at Guernsey, telephoned directly to White-
hall during the raid and with sound of falling
bombs in the background demanded that the
information about the Islands demilitarization
is immediately transmitted. It was too late, 44
civilians lost their lives due to the “reconnai-
ssance“ bombing. And while Wehrmacht
was planning the operation Grünpfeil (Green
Arrow) to capture the Islands, several conse-
quent reconnaissance flights at low altitudes
confirmed that there was no military presence
there. Hptm. Liebe-Pieteritze even landed at
Guernsey airport while another three aircraft
were patrolling in the air. No resistance was
spotted. The very same day, in the late after-
noon Ju 52 was dispatched with a platoon on
board and Germans were met by the local
police representative at the airport presen-
ting a document which stated, in German, that
the Islands are by the decision of His Majesty
government “opened,” and therefore without
a military defense. In the following meeting
with the island representatives major Albrecht
Lanz informed, that from that moment the
Guernsey was occupied by the German army.
Jersey followed a day later, Alderney on June 2
and Sark was occupied on June 4. Major Lanz
became the first commander of the Channel
Islands occupying forces, although only for
brief period. Starting from September 26 he
was replaced by Rudolf Graf von Schmettlow,
who stayed for more than four years and was
promoted from the Colonel rank to the Lieu-
tenant general. The abovementioned airfield
at Guernsey was serving as a handy base for
Luftwaffe in many situations, especially during
the Battle of Brittain.
Suffering and helplessness
Immediately after capturing the Islands the
Germans forbade the local population to own
the radio receivers and ordered the driving on
the right-hand side. Shortly afterwards the
shortage of fuel prevented the local populati-
on from using the motor vehicles anyway. The
life of the Islands people under the German
occupation was harsh. Farming produce and
animals were confiscated for German army
consumption on the regular basis, so the po-
pulation suffered from hunger. Deportations
to the concentration camps took place for
various infractions. When in 1941 the British
and Soviet armed forces captured Iran, Hitler
issued an order to deport 10 inhabitants of the
Islands to the concentration camps for each
killed German citizen. His order was fulfilled
in September 1942 and 2,200 people were
transported to German camps; 45 of them did
not survive. Shortly after capturing the Islands
Germans started to build the important infra-
structure and a network of fortifications, which
became the part of the Atlantic Wall and was
primarily built on Jersey. The Germans brou-
ght in a lot of prisoners for the slavery work.
Most of them were Russians and other nations
of the Soviet Union. Any help to escapees was
harshly punished. One of the heart-breaking
stories is the one of a small shop owner Lou-
ise Gould who was hiding the Russian priso-
ner escapee for eighteen months. She herself
had lost a son serving with the Navy and as
she confessed to her friend, she had to do so-
mething for a son of another mother. In 1944
she was betrayed, captured, and sent to the
Ravensbruck concentration camp where she
was killed in the gas chamber in 1945. Her sto-
ry was revived in the 2018 movie The Guernsey
Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society, although
in modified way.
Omelette from nest eggs
The difficult situation of the Channel Islands
population was well known to the British Go-
vernment but except of the sporadic raids of
the Commandos, the units under command
of Admiral Louis Mountbatten (uncle of the
recently passed Prince Philip), they could not
do anything else. The idea of the Islands libe-
ration was conceived already during 1943 as
the operation Constellation. Once it was dis-
covered that the German military strength on
the Islands grew to as many as nearly 30,000
soldiers the plan was abandoned. The strong
German garrison and built fortifications would
have required the heavy bombing from the air
and naval artillery shelling, which would have
certainly resulted in heavy civilian casualties.
In the end of 1943, the less aggressive opera-
tion Rankin started to be worked on in three
options. Option A calculated with the action
prior to liberation of France, taking advantage
of possible transfer of majority of the German
garrison to mainland and of lowered morale
of the remaining soldiers. The B option coun-
ted on the full abandonment of the Islands by
Germans and finally option C considered the
action after the Germany capitulation. The last
one was considered the most feasible. On No-
vember 10, 1943 General F. E. Morgan, Chief of
Staff of the Supreme Command of the Allied
Corps (COSSAC) issued the directive to execu-
te the operation Rankin C. At the beginning of
1944 Brigadier General A. E. Snow was named
a commander of the Task Force 135 detached
from No. 115 Brigade. According to the origi-
nal plans this unit was to execute the libera-
tion of The Channel Islands. The independent
command was established, and the detailed
planning commenced. On Agust 11 the opera-
tion designation was changed to Nest Egg and
Plymouth was selected as a launching point.
For the best planning, the information about
the terrain obtained from the evacuated in-
habitants were used and even more valuable
information came from those who from time
to time managed to escape in the small boats.
According to the intelligence it became nece-
ssary to capture both Guernsey and Jersey in
one day, so the fighting force requirement was
raised to three battalions of 700 men each. At
the same time, the transportation of 200 tons
of food, clothing and medical supplies was
factored in. The command however was not in
a hurry to execute the operation. After the D-
-Day the German soldiers on the Islands were
considered de facto prisoners from the British
point of view. Therefore, the units assigned to
Task Force 135 were relieved to support the
2nd Army of General Dempsey. The operation
against the Islands were limited to dropping
the leaflets in German language. Since Sep-
tember 1944 they were falling from the sky
almost every night advising the occupiers to
restrain their actions against the civilian popu-
lation. The Red Cross supplies were negotiated
successfully to lessen the suffering during the
winter 1944/45. The supply ship anchored in
the middle of December.
Surrender
On May 4, declared as W
-
Day (Warning Day),
things got into motion and the day launched
the count-down to the beginning of the ope-
ration. Task Force 135 consisted of 6,000 men.
The local authorities on the Islands barely con-
trolled the order and tried to discourage the
population from displaying the Union Jacks as
HISTORY
Major Lanz with his car in front of the HQ established in
one of the local hotels.
The fuel was of very short supply for the civilians and most of the vehicles were confiscated. Given these facts,
this ambulance got the power of two horses…
Photo: Imperial War Museum
Photo: Imperial War Museum
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