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Info EDUARD 05/2021, Page 5
Info EDUARD 05/2021, Page 6
HISTORY
Background
By the late-summer of 1944, the war on the Eastern Front had turned
firmly against the Germans, and they were on the defensive every-
where. Things had been relatively quiet on the southern sector of the
front for several months, but the Germans knew that the situation
in Romania would soon change. The Luftwaffe headquarters in that
sector was Luftflotte 4, under Generaloberst Otto Deßloch
1)
, and
ground-attack units were a primary component of Deßlochs com-
mand. Schlachtgeschwader 2 and Schlachtgeschwader 10 had been
vital units for Luftflotte 4 throughout 1944, and that would remain the
case until the end of the war. By August 1944, most components of
those two Schlachtgeschwader were equipped with the Focke-Wulf
190 F-8, the highly capable fighter-bomber version of Kurt Tank’s fa-
mous Würger.
I./SG 2 was relatively late in receiving the Focke-Wulf 190: it gave up
its Ju 87s and took on its first Fw 190 F-8s at Görgényoroszfalu (mo-
dern Solovăstru, Romania) in July 1944. The situation in the Luftflotte
4 sector was not so critical in July and the first three weeks of August,
so conversion training could proceed peacefully for Hptm. Kurt Laus
unit, with just the usual training mishaps occurring.
When I./SG 2 returned to action with its new aircraft, in mid-August
1944, Luftflotte 4 was about to face the biggest challenge of its exi-
stence, as Germany’s Romanian allies switched their allegiance, and
the Soviets began a rapid advance through Romania towards Hunga-
rian territory. I./SG 2 flew its new Fw 190 F-8s into action and suffe-
red some losses after the Red Army’s Iasi-Kishinev offensive began
on 20 August 1944. In the wake of that offensive, other Fw 190 F-8
equipped Gruppen were transferred to Romania, Hungary and Yugo-
slavia, including the Geschwaderstab, I., II. and III./SG 10, plus the Ju
87s of III./SG 2. During late-August, September, and October 1944, the
Red Army drove the Axis forces of Heeresgruppe Süd out of Roma-
nia and across the Carpathian Mountains, penetrated Bulgaria, and
advanced onto the plains of eastern Hungary. The battle for Budapest
itself would become fierce in late-October 1944, and the Fw 190 F-8s
of Luftflotte 4 would be heavily involved.
Battling for Budapest
The primary objective for the Red Army was the Hungarian capital,
and in October and November 1944, the Soviet 2. and 3. Ukrainian
Fronts did their utmost with tired and weakened forces to capture
the city. On 16 October, Hungarian Regent Miklós Horthy was arres-
ted, and a hard-line right-wing party took over, ensuring Hunga-
ry would help the Germans resist the Soviet advance. While those
high-level actions were taking place, I. Fliegerkorps – a subordinate
command of Luftflotte 4 – was operating on a daily basis against the
Soviet advance around Debrecen, to the east of the Hungarian capital.
Amongst the active I. Fliegerkorps units equipped with the Fw 190 F-8
were I./SG 2, the Geschwaderstab, I. and III./SG 10, and 5./SG 77 with
its Panzerschreck-equipped Fw 190 F-8s based at Sárospatak, to the
north of Debrecen.
2)
The Panzerschreck rocket was a new and very effective airborne an-
ti-tank weapon, based on the infantry weapon of the same name, and
5./SG 77 had been trained in its usage at the Luftwaffe evaluation
and testing airfield at Udetfeld (modern Zendek, Poland) in Septem-
ber. The 1. Staffel of SG 10 undertook frontline conversion to Panzer-
schreck Fw 190 F-8s in Hungary in early November, but this was not
considered very effective in comparison, as a German wartime report
noted:
“In October/November 1944, an attempt was made by Luftflotte 4 to
equip and deploy Schlachtfliegerstaffeln with Panzerschreck without
special training. Training was to take place in the field. The success of
the Staffeln was extraordinarily low, with high fuel and ammunition
consumption, although they were old, proven Fw 190 Schlachtstaffeln.
The reason was the low marksmanship of the pilots.”
The Panzerschreck-equipped Fw 190 F-8 Staffeln of Luftflotte 4
would operate on many days during October 1944, including sixteen
The Focke-Wulf 190 F-8 was a vital German weapon on the Eastern Front in the final year of the Second World War,
and nowhere was this more evident than during the fighting in Hungary in late-1944 and early 1945. Under German air
force command Luftflotte 4, units such as Schlachtgeschwader 10 and Hans-Ulrich Rudel’s Schlachtgeschwader 2
flew thousands of sorties against the Red Army, trying to hold back the Soviet tide. Their efforts were inevitably to no
avail, but the men flying the Fw 190 F-8 performed valiantly against great odds. Not only did they face strong Soviet
aerial opposition and ground fire; they also had to fly and fight in horrendous winter weather conditions.
The Focke-Wulf 190 F-8
with Luftflotte 4, 1944-1945
Andrew Arthy
eduard
6
INFO Eduard - May 2021
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