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{"cz":"Info EDUARD"}
{"cz":"Měsíčník o historii a plastikovém modelářství.","en":"Monthly magazine about history and scale plastic modeling."}
08/2020
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Vol 19, August 2020ISSUE 125INFOPage 2
INFOEDUARDISSUE 125© Eduard - Model Accessories, 2020FREE FOR DOWNLOAD, FREE FOR DISTRIBUTION!This material may only be used for personal use. No part of the textor graphic presentations can be used in another publication in any other media formor otherwise distributed without the prior writtenpermission of Eduard - Model Accessories and authors involved.Editorial and Graphics - Marketing department, Eduard - Model Accessories, Ltd.Page 3
eduardEDITORIAL4AUGUST 2020KITSBRASSINPHOTO-ETCHED SETSBIGEDRELEASEHISTORYBUILTON APPROACHAugust 2020Tales of Very Long Range BillSpitre Mk.ISeptember 2020768266885118690VLR: Tales of Iwojima Limited edition 1/48The Spitre Story Limited edition 1/48L-29 Delfín ProPACK 1/72Bf 108 Weekend edition 1/32Avia B.534 IV. Series Super44 1/144Spitre Mk.I 1/48P-38G 1/48CM.170 Magister 1/48Spitre Mk.XVI cockpit 1/48CONTENTIssued by Eduard-Model Accessories, spol. s.r.o.Mírová 170, Obrnice 435 21support@eduard.com www.eduard.comPage 4
Dear Friends,We need to begin today with some bad news.Due to the unfavorable course the pandemicis taking, and the associated restricons thathave been implemented that make an eventsuch as a model convenon impraccal, wehave decided to cancel this year’s E-day show.Personally, I think this is a great shame. Alreadynow, we have prepared so much to be readyfor the show that is now in danger of beinga waste. For example, much of the new itemsfor October were being med to be relevantspecically for E-day. We have several associ-ated events planned to go along with these kitreleases, and we hope to turn these into reali-ty, at least in part, as separate enes. We willintensely work on their compleon throughAugust, and we will introduce these in the Sep-tember newsleer. We are assuming that wewill be able to conduct the Naonal Champion-ships, at least as a judging aair under the di-recon of the SMCzR. It will likely take the formof an event only for the parcipants and thejudges, and, of course, members of the SMCzR.I would also be personally pleased, if we couldintroduce our 1:72nd scale Cmelak, including aying display, and a discussion with the pilot.I would think that we could even hold an In ThePot style Q and A along the same lines as therecent Eduard at Artur’s event, which took pla-ce on July 24th. I took this event as being a su-ccess, and my impression is that the aendeesle sased, leading me to conclude that thismay be one opon on how to put on a plea-sant and useful modelling event, even at a mewhen large, tradional model convenons areo the table. We have already put on two suchevents this year, where new items were intro-duced, and conducted a discussion on new andfuture releases. We would like to connue in,perhaps, approximately three month intervals.That would be a frequency that should re outno one, and should always bring up somethinginteresng. The next one should be around theme of E-day, actually.One of the things that were to have been fe-atured at E-day, which we would like to bring tofruion, is the proposed retro-release of the P--40F Warhawk in 1:72nd scale, a theme directlyconnected to Vaclav Sorel arcles published inold issues of ABC magazine. We are sll ne-tu-ning these, but the kits are virtually done. It isheavily inuenced by said arcles, which inclu-ded descripons of the pilot, Lubomir Ulehla.It is true that research, since those arcleswere rst published, have shown things to besomewhat dierent, historical accuracy and co-rrecons are not the point here. This has moreto do with nostalgia, although the historicalaccuracy of the theme does also play a role, ofcourse. The basis of this release is more aboutthe 1986 arcle than the 1945 aircra. The kitwas to have been sold at E-day, with the proce-eds going to Mr. Sorel, and the kit will be soldvia other methods, but the proceeds will sll goto Vaclav. In two months, the details will havebeen ironed out. So far, we have put togethera prey decent sum from which the family hasbeen withdrawing funds to aid in his recovery.In a recent newsleer, I described what VaclavSorel has meant to Czech and Slovak modelers,what he has been going through, as well as hisfamily, and the need to set up a fund to helpthem out. I would like to take this opportunityto thank all those that have already contributedto this fund on behalf of myself, Eduard, andalso of Zdenek Sebesta. The laer is responsi-ble for the enre concept of the fund, and theWarhawk, and its related themes, project.At the event with Artur, we introduced a listof new items, the descripons of which can befound in this newsleer. They were geared totwo new Limited Edion releases, ‘VLR: Talesof Iwo Jima’ and ‘Spiire Story: The Few’. TheDeln in 1:72nd scale was not discussed a who-le lot, despite deserving some aenon on itsown merits, not the least of which were thatthey were delivered on me, no small miracleunder current condions, and that the decalopons are not just downsized copies of the48th scale version of the aircra. That’s howit goes in life. Aenon invariably gravitatestowards the big projects and they become bigevents, while the smaller ones are undeserved-ly le in the shadows. I believe that the plascfor the MiG-19s in 1:48th will arrive in a melymanner as well. Those set sail on Saturday.I believe that I have menoned before thatthe idea for the new duo of Limited Edionkits came about last year in Chaanooga whileobserving the reacons to the then-new P-51Limited Edion kit, ‘Chaanooga Choo Choo’.Our plan to come to Texas with another signi-cant Mustang and the new Spiire Mk.I gotthe same kick in the teeth from Covid-19 as didour plans for E-day. That, however, is no reasonwhatsoever to give up on the ideas. As recentlyas in June, I gured that beyond the shadow ofa doubt, the Spiire Mk.I will be nothing morethan a sparring partner for the Mustang. Justone look at the marking opons in VLR tell thetale. Each opon is more stunning than thelast, with a riveng tale of long-range missionsover Japan to tell. And then, there is the simplefact that the Mustang is the Mustang, aer all.A beauful animal, a thoroughbred ghter, anaircra capable of winning a war, and a resul-ng kit that is well on its way to holding thedisncon of being the most successful pro-duct we have ever produced. Could this itempossibly be topped by the Spiire Mk.I? Thatplain Spiire Mk.I, the boring patron saint ofthe Bale of Britain with the same camouf-lage scheme from plane to plane, no personalmarkings to speak of to garner some aenon,about which all has been known for a long mewith nothing new promised for the future? Theworkhorse of Churchill’s ‘so few’? The one thateveryone talks about, but only a few hardco-re fanacs really know a lot about? A kit, thatwas made by probably anyone and everyonewith a milling machine in the basement andan injecon molding machine in the yard? Anaircra that has appeared in new model form,and done nicely, I might add, twice in the lasttwo years? Would that be able to shake thingsup? Unlikely. The Spiire’s glory days are be-hind her! As it turns out…..NOT! Some thingsare prey meless, apparently, and this is whatour kit is poinng at very vigorously. This isa tribute to the few that eighty years ago stoodalone against the forces of evil in defense of afragile democracy that, ulmately, was the onlyone able to get Europe back into a period of pe-ace and prosperity. It is also a recognion of theknow-how and ingenuity, as well as technicalbeauty that was the result of a long and dicultroad of development, lled with problems thathad to be overcome to achieve the legend sta-tus that it ulmately did. Perhaps, our kit saysnothing new, but it does say things that are wellworth repeang.Even our road to this Spiire wasn’t an easyone, and geng to this point required all ofour resources, abilies and faith in ourselves.In some ways, our story of the development ofthis kit mirrors the story of the developmentof the actual airplane. Even a kit goes througha somemes dicult development, evolves,and much like the designers of the originalitem, we too have had to try to nd the bestroad to the best end, and we have to live withthe noon that we have not yet achieved per-fecon in what we are doing. Perhaps, you willbe disappointed in the sink marks in the ex-hausts that we were not able to eliminate bythe me producon began. Even so, we arenow able to oer a beauful kit, that oersmany interesng features and a lot of nesse,that I venture to say has never been oeredbefore at this level and at this concentraon inone product. As with the real thing, our Spiireis just barely within our abilies and capacityin terms of producon, and whatever the kit’sshortcomings are, those will also be eliminatedin me. The choice in the maer comes downto either producing a kit with the inevitablequeson marks, or keep developing and xingin an eort to create something uerly perfect.Once we have won the war, we will connue toimprove, but that will come at a me when weare able to ll the orders we have.So, back to earth. Both of today’s Limited Edi-EDITORIALeduard4INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 5
on kits are a connuaon of basic conceptsof models that we connuously developedover the past few years and which we are slldeveloping. Even though it may come as a bitof a surprise, both VLR and Spiire Story areconceptual developments of Wilde Sau and Dudoch nicht!!. I have goen the queson posedto me, where exactly, in the kits, are the sto-ries? The fact is, they are hidden. If your app-roach to these kits is, let’s say ‘tradional’, inthat you look over the markings opons, youread their capons, you pick one, you buildit, and that’s the end of it for you, then youwill not discover the behind the scenes story.If you study the introductory text, read all ofthe capons to all of the marking opons supp-lied, then you will discover that these kits havean intertwined, almost compartmentalizedwrite up to them. VLR is based on a conceptthat requires the marking opons to representall of the Fighter Groups and all of the FighterSquadrons within them. The intro explains thebasics of the history behind the concept of theboxing, while the individual prole caponsthen describe the stories behind the speci-c pilots of the aircra. The combinaon andhierarchy of the informaon presented allowsyou to formulate a certain picture of what thewhole thing is about. If it grabs your aenonsuciently, and hopefully it will, then you canseek out the relevant literature on the subject,and educate yourself further.With Spiire Story, it even goes a step fur-ther, since the technical development of theMk.I lineage is simultaneously being mappedout. In the markings opons, dierent pha-ses of technical upgrading is pointed out forthe individual aircra, against the backdropof historical events. There is also a connec-on through the fact that dierently equippedaircra operated during dierent me periods.Then, the historical backdrop governs the de-scribed experiences of each pilot, which are,in this case, famous pilots and aces. And eventhat’s not the end of it. Spiire Story is a part ofa wider endeavor, dedicated to the 80thAnniversary of the Bale of Britain. As of lastweek, our Facebook page has been the forumfor items related to the Bale of Britain, it’scomponent phases, and parts of this will alsomake up future posts dedicated to our kits, re-leased for this anniversary. In this edion of thenewsleer, you will nd a historical account,taken from the introductory text of the kit‘Spiire Story, The Few’, but expanded as dicta-ted by the inclusion of a more detailed history.And that has a bearing on the aforemenonedseries on Facebook. Our kits, to be releasedto commemorate the anniversary of the BoB,will be all be introduced in this way. ThroughAugust, the aenon will shi from the SpiireMk.I to the Bf 109E, which is the focal point ofthe Limited Edion release ‘Adlerangri’, beingprepared for September, when two kits will bereleased in unison, one as a Dual Combo boxingin 1:48th scale, and the other as a classic singlekit in 1:32nd. Each kit will have a compablemarkings opon, all covering the various andrelevant subvariants of the Bf 109E, to includethe E-1, E-3, and E-4, and, in a similar manner,the individual Jagdgeschwader will be coveredthat parcipated in the bale on the Germanside. The opons were selected so as to avoidrecycling previously oered schemes and mar-kings, and we purposefully avoided the biggestaces of the Luwae with the excepon ofAdolf Galland, who will be a featured opon inboth kits as the counterpart to Douglas Bader.So, with these kits, we will have the biggestcombatants of the Bale of Britain, the Spiire,the Bf 109E, and two foes who were fated tobecome great friends aer the war. But do notbe concerned that this would relegate our op-ons to boring items. Far from it! It is a collec-on of some interesng aircra own by someinteresng pilots with colourful stories to tell.Same as in Spiire Story. Those that want tomodel the aircra of those famous aces, youropportunity will come in September and in Oc-tober, because we will be releasing separatedecal sheets to cover these, too.In October, we will come back to the Spiirein ProPACK form, covering the Spiire Mk.Ia,with a classic selecon of decal opons dedica-ted to pilots not oered in the Limited Edionkit. In November, we will be coming out withan underrated and, one could argue, much ma-ligned opponent of the RAF, the Bf 110C andD. Again, this will be a Limited Edion kit, andagain, will be a dual boxing, this me in both1:72nd and 1:48th scale. Within that Facebookseries on the BoB, we will also show that theBf 110 was not a bad ghter at all. On the con-trary, it could be quite deadly indeed. Amongother things, over the course of the Balesof France and Britain, it had a beer kill raothan the Bf 109E! In December, we will be backwith the Spiire again, with the second volu-me of Spiire Story, dedicated to the SpiireMk.II. Many modelers think that the Mk.II wasbasically the same thing as the Mk.I, so manyof you are probably thinking ‘ho hum’ rightabout now. But it’s a lile more complicatedthan that. The Mk.II didn’t dier from the Mk.Iwith just that lile bump on the right side ofthe nose. It was quite a bit more dierent thanthe Mk.I than that, and was also a considerablybeer airplane than the Mk.I. The kit will bea Dual Combo type boxing, and will oer boththe machine gun armed Mk.IIa and the cannonarmed Mk.IIb. it will be a prey neat item,not only because the Mk.II began to take ona more oensive role as the RAF began opera-ons against German targets in Western Euro-pe. The story won’t end there, either. Aer theNew Year, there will be other kits coming along,but we’ll get more into that in December. So…advice to all: keep an eye on all of our infor-maon avenues, newsleers and Facebook, asthey will compliment each other in terms ofinformaon as it becomes available.Today, I won’t get into a big spiel about acce-ssory items, just recommend a look at themin the newsleer further on down. There arethings that are suitable for all of the newly re-leased kits, including a cockpit and gun bays forthe Spiire Mk.I. But I do need to say a wordabout the decal sheets. Aer an extended peri-od of contemplang weather or not to releasesheets covering specic types, we decided togo into it. We will be releasing them in three li-nes. The rst will be intended for our WeekendEdion kits, and these will expand on what isavailable with the kit. The second will be forour Limited Edion kits, and the third will bedesigned for interesng subjects from othermanufacturers. All will, of course, expand onwhat is already oered.That’s it for now, and I hope that you enjoytoday’s newsleer, with it’s good dose of newthings and informaon. Tally ho!Vladimir Sulceduard5INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 6
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KITS 08/2020P-51D-20, 44-72587, 2nd Lt. William G. Ebersole /2nd Lt. James R. Bercaw, 462nd FS, 506th FG,20th AF, Iwojima, July 1945P-51D-20, 44-72579, Capt. J. B. Baker Jr., 458th FS,506th FG, 20th AF, Iwojima, July 1945P-51D-20, 44-72570, Lt. Ralph S. Gardner / 2ndLt. Chester Jatczak, 457th FS, 506th FG,20th AF, Iwojima, June/July 1945P-51D-20 s/n 44-63483, Maj. Gilmer L. Snipes,CO of 45th FS, 15th FG, 7th AF, Saipan,February 1945eduard7INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 8
P-51D-20, 44-63483, Maj. Robert W. Moore,CO of 45th FS, 15th FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, August 1945P-51D-20, 44-63420, Capt. Eurich L. Bright, 47th FS,15th FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, Summer 1945P-51D-20, 44-63451, Lt. Robert J. Louwers / Lt. JohnE. Montgomery III, 46th FS, 21th FG, 7th AF,Iwojima, July 1945P-51D-25, 44-73623, Maj. Harry C. Crim(later own by Flt.O. Theo Gruici), CO of 531st FS,21st FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, July/August 1945KITS 08/2020eduard8INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 9
P-51D-20, 44-63483, Maj. Robert W. Moore,CO of 45th FS, 15th FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, August 1945P-51D-20, 44-63420, Capt. Eurich L. Bright, 47th FS,15th FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, Summer 1945P-51D-20, 44-63451, Lt. Robert J. Louwers / Lt. JohnE. Montgomery III, 46th FS, 21th FG, 7th AF,Iwojima, July 1945P-51D-25, 44-73623, Maj. Harry C. Crim(later own by Flt.O. Theo Gruici), CO of 531st FS,21st FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, July/August 1945KITS 08/2020P-51D-20, 44-63733, Maj. Paul W. Imig,CO of 72nd FS, 21st FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, March 1945P-51D-25, 44-73407, Maj. James B. Tapp, CO of 78th FS,15th FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, Summer 1945P-51D-25, 44-73382, Lt. Col. John W. Mitchell,CO of 15th FG, 7th AF, Iwojima, Summer 1945P-51D-20, 44-63984, Maj. James B. Tapp,CO of 78th FS, 15th FG, 7th AF, Iwojima,May 1945eduard9INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 10
KITS 08/2020Recommended for P-51D Mustang:481000 P-51D (PE-Set)FE1021 P-51D seatbelts STEEL (PE-Set)644031 P-51D-15+ LööK 1/48 (Brassin)644053 P-51D-15+ LööKplus 1/48 (Brassin)648485 P-51D exhaust stacks (Brassin)648486 P-51D exhaust stacks w/ fairing (Brassin)648487 P-51D Hamilton Standard propeller (Brassin)648494 P-51D wheels diamond tread (Brassin)648495 P-51D undercarriage legs BRONZE (Brassin)648503 P-51D wheels oval tread (Brassin)648504 P-51D wheels cross tread (Brassin)648505 P-51D wheels block tread (Brassin)648511 P-51D wheels diamond tread 2 1/48 (Brassin)648512 P-51D wheels rhomboid treat 1/48 (Brassin)648513 P-51D wheels pointed cross tread (Brassin)648514 P-51D wheels grooved 1/48 (Brassin)648517 P-51D gun bays (Brassin)648522 P-51D cockpit 1/48 (Brassin)648555 P-51D engine 1/48 (Brassin)648570 P-51D gun sights 1/48 (Brassin)EX663 P-51D TFace (Mask)Cat. No. 644031Cat. No. 648522Cat. No. 648555Cat. No. 648572eduard10INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 11
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KITS 08/2020MARKINGS:K9795, No. 19 Squadron, RAF Duxford,Cambridgeshire, October 1938No. 41 Squadron, RAF Caerick, North Yorkshire,Spring 1939K9906, F/O Robert Stanford Tuck, No. 65 Squadron,RAF Hornchurch, Essex, Summer 1939K9955, F/O Archibald Ashmore McKellar,No. 602 Squadron, RAF Drem, East Lothian,Scotland, March 1940N3180, P/O Alan Christopher Deere (RNZAF),No. 54 Squadron, RAF Hornchurch, Essex, May 1940eduard29INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 30
KITS 08/2020P9443, F/Lt Douglas Bader, No. 222 Squadron,RAF Duxford, Cambridgeshire /Kirton in Lindsey, Lincolnshire,early June 1940K9953, F/Lt. Adolph Gysbert Malan, No. 74 Squadron,RAF Hornchurch, Essex, June/July 1940X4425, F/Sgt. George Cecil Unwin, No. 19 Squadron,RAF Fowlmere, Cambridgeshire,August/September 1940N3162, P/O Eric Stanley Lock, No. 41 Squadron,RAF Hornchurch, Essex, United Kingdom,August/September 1940X4382, P/O Osgood Philip Villiers Hanbury, No. 602 Squadron,RAF Westhampne, West Sussex, September 1940.MARKINGS:eduard30INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 31
P9443, F/Lt Douglas Bader, No. 222 Squadron,RAF Duxford, Cambridgeshire /Kirton in Lindsey, Lincolnshire,early June 1940K9953, F/Lt. Adolph Gysbert Malan, No. 74 Squadron,RAF Hornchurch, Essex, June/July 1940X4425, F/Sgt. George Cecil Unwin, No. 19 Squadron,RAF Fowlmere, Cambridgeshire,August/September 1940N3162, P/O Eric Stanley Lock, No. 41 Squadron,RAF Hornchurch, Essex, United Kingdom,August/September 1940X4382, P/O Osgood Philip Villiers Hanbury, No. 602 Squadron,RAF Westhampne, West Sussex, September 1940.KITS 08/2020SPRUE: ASPRUE: Ueduard31INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 32
KITS 08/2020SPRUES: B ,Ceduard32INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 33
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HISTORYTECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTMaiden ight of the Supermarine Type 300 prototype serial K5054took place on March 5th, 1936 at the Supermarine factory aireld inEastleight near Southampton. On May 26th, after a series of modica-tions and improvements it was handed over to The Aircraft & ArmamentExperimental Establishment in Martlesham Heath for military trials. OnJune 6th and 8th, during the ocial tests, 561 km/h speed was recordedat the altitude of 5100 meters. On June 10th the Air Ministry conrmedthe ofcial name given to the aircraft, Spitre. As early as June 3rd, theMinistry signed the contract B.527113/36 with Supermarine company forthe delivery of 310 production Spitres Mk.I which were assigned serialnumbers K9787 through K9999 and L1000 through L1096. According tothe contract the deliveries should commence in October 1937 and end inMarch 1939. Neither date was complied with due to the insufcient ma-nufacturing capacity of the Supermarine company and generally difcultintroduction of the new manufacturing technologies. Despite the initial Su-permarine resistance the capacity problem was resolved by creating thelarge network of the sub-contractors who ultimately contributed with thewhole 4 fth to the Spitre Mk.I production. On June 11th, 1937, whilelaunching the large scale production, the Spitre chief designer, ReginaldMitchell passed away at the age of 42 and Joseph Smith took over hisposition. The wing design and manufacturing were rather complicatedwhich led to the chronic delay in nalizing and delivery of the airframes.Quite often the completed fuselages were waiting for the wings delive-ries. Supermarine built 2 hangars in Eastleigh dedicated to the completionof the airframes. On May 14th, 1938 the rst production Spitre Mk.IK9787 took to the skies here.First RAF unit re-equipped with Spitre Mk.I was No. 19 Squadron ledby S/Ldr. Henry Cozens operating out of Duxford aireld, up until thenSPITFIRE MK.INever in the eld of human conicts was so much owed byso many to so few.Winston ChurchillNo 65 Squadron Spitre Mk.Is. The aircraft are equipped with two blade propelers, bulged canopieswithout the armored windshield, early type of the Pitot tube and the early antena mast.K5054 Prototypeeduard36INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 37
HISTORYying Gloster Gauntlet biplanes.The re-equipment commenced on August 11th, the last, sixteenth Spitrewas delivered to the squadron as late as November 16th, 1938. In Octo-ber the re-equipment started at No. 66 Squadron also based at Duxfordand close to the end of the year the rst two Spitres were received byNo. 41 Squadron at Catterick aireld. Till the end of 1939 the deliveriesreached 49 Spitres Mk.I. Due to the deterioration of the international si-tuation, on September 1st the Air Ministry increased the orders of Spitresby 200 aircraft. Further contracts for 200 and 450 airframes respectivelyfollowed on April 20th and August 9th, 1939 and as early as on April12th, 1939 the Air Ministry signed the contract with Morris Motors Ltd.for 1000 license-built Spitres Mk.II constructed in the new factory in Ca-stle Bromwich. In the spring and summer 1939 the production was nallygaining the necessary pace. On September 3rd, 1939, day the GreatBritain entered the War, 11 Fighter Command squadrons were equippedwith Spitres. Absolutely crucial for the successful deployment of the newghters in the upcoming war was continuous elimination of the technicalfaults and their restriction on the already delivered and factory-freshSpitres. First production Spitres were powered by twelve cylinders RollsRoyce Merlin II engine with 768 kW (1060 hp) single stage single speedcompressor. It was driving the two blade wooden Weybridge propeller.Starting with 78th production airframe (K9961 manufactured on May8th, 1939) Spitres Mk.I were equipped with three blade two speedmetal De Havilland Type 5/20 propeller which was also installed on theaircraft originally furnished wit two blade propeller. Starting with theairframe serialed K9980 (May 16th, 1939) the production Spitres Mk.Iwere powered by a new, more reliable Merlin III engines of the sameoutput, cooled by water-glycol mixture (70:30). Merlin II and Merlin IIIengines‘ standard fuel was 87 grade aviation gas DTD 230. Signicantmodication of Merlin III allowed the option to burn 100 grade Ameri-can fuel which, in conjuction with higher manifold pressure, increased theengine output primarily at the lower ight altitudes. The modication wascontinuosly being introduced since the spring 1940 but the capability touse 100 grade fuel was the standard feature of Merlins XII poweringSpitres Mk.II, Merlins III were factory-modied for this fuel since Sep-tember 1940.Merlin III allowed the installation of the constant speed three blade RotolRMS.7 propeller (license-built Hamilton Standard Hydromatic) with whicha smaller number of Spitres built in the end of 1939 was furnished.Spitres Mk.II from Castle Bromwich as well as Hurricanes Mk.I were gi-ven priority in the installation of Rotol propellers. Practically the only unitfully equipped with Spitres Mk.I featuring Rotol propellers was No. 54Squadron operating from Hornchurch during the winter 1939/40. As theperformance of the aircraft furnished with constant speed propellers wassignicantly better than that of those featuring two speed propellers, thesolution was found in the conversion of two speed De Havilland propellersto constant speed ones. Modications were performed by a team of tech-nicians from De Havilland directly at the units‘ level, conversions took pla-ce between June 24th, 1940 and August 16th, 1940 on all Spitres Mk.Iand Hurricanes Mk.I equipped with two speed propellers De Havilland5/20. Later, the constant speed De Havilland Type 5/39A propellerswere installed as a standard. During their whole service life Merlin engi-nes suffered from oil leaks, problem which has never been fully resolved.The carburators were also causing trouble due to the fact that during thenegative G maneuvers, such as sharp transition into the dive ight, theywere failing and briey interrupting the fuel mixture supply for the engi-ne. Problem was solved relatively later, after the Battle of Britain, havingintroduced so-called RAE-restrictor which was in fact a well-known and fa-mous modication of the carburator oat invented by Ms.Beatrice Shilling.Visually important modication was application of the bubble cockpitcanopy. It is said that it was implemented on the production lines in Ja-nuary 1939 but supposedly it appeared on some individual airframesseveral months earlier because at least one Spitre Mk.I belonging to No.19 Squadron featured this type of canopy already in October 1938.The problem was very difcult, even impossible, opening of this cockpitcanopy during the ight in the case of the necessity to bale out of thedamaged aircraft. In order to equalize the cockpit pressure a small hatchwas added to the canopy, a notorious crow bar was added to the cockpitdoor and later Martin Baker canopy emergency release system was im-plemented. Modications were performed on the front line aircraft onlyduring Battle of Britain period.The rear mirror mounted on the canopywindshield was introduced in order to improve the Spitre‘s rear eld ofvision. Initially it was installed at the units‘ level, later as a standard equip-ment on the production lines and as a retrot according to the ofcial mo-dication. The gunnery tests shown that the machine guns were freezingat the higher altitudes. The solution was the installation of the gun heatingby means of the hot air ducted from the larger air cooler located underthe right wing. The modication was incorporated the production linesstarting with 60th manufactured airframe (K9846) in January 1939 andretrotted to previously built aircraft. Later, the hot air guns heating wasreplaced with an electrical system. During the introduction of Spitre Mk.Ithe armament of eight Browning 7.7 mm machine guns was consideredpowerful and respectable but in the course of time, with introduction ofcockpit armor and self-sealing fuel tanks it became insufcient and furtherdevelopment to increase the Spitres‘ armament impact was by introdu-cing 20 mm cannons. Spitre Mk.IB modication was armed with 20 mmcannons and manufactured in relatively small numbers since the fall 1940.In October No.19 Squadron received delivery of the rst combat readySpitres Mk.IB. Important and welcome modication was introduction ofthe incendiary de Wilde ammunition for Browning machine guns.Gunsights are directly linked to the armament. First Spitres were equi-pped with simple mechanical aiming device, a circular sight in the cockpitand vertical sight in front of the windshield. This was soon replaced withNo 19 Squadron Spitres equipped with late type of the Pitot tube, and already by thehot-air gun heating.No 611 Squadron Spitre Mk.I equipped with armored windshield.eduard37INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 38
HISTORYBarr and Stroud GM 2 reex gunsight. After Spitres were introduced toregular service, the gun camera was installed externally on the right wingupper surface root, starting with airframe K9988 G.42B gun camera wasinstalled into the left wing leading edge. Pitot tube was also subject to mo-dication, the older „two ngers“ design was replaced by more modernT-shape pitot tube starting witn K9918 airframe test-own in March 1939.First Spitres Mk.I were equipped with short wave radios TR.9B and TR.9Dwith wire antenna running from the antenna mast to the top of the verticaltail surface. Since the spring 1940 these older radios were replaced byTR.1133 radio working on very short wave frequencies where the ante-nna was actually a radio antenna mast and antenna wire application wasdiscontinued. The antenna mast was originally tall with constant diameter,kind of a broom stick, later it was replaced with new, shorter sword-sha-ped mast. In September 1940 type R.3002 IFF (Identication Friend orFoe) identication device was added to the Spitres‘ equipment enablingthe ground stations to distinguish their own aircraft from the enemy onesfon the radar screens. It was nicknamed „pip-squeak“ and featured twowire antennas running from the fuselage sides to the horizontal tail sur-face tips leading edges. Spitres were entering the service without anypassive protection despite the fact that some aspects of this, such as armo-red glass on the windshield, were discussed already in 1936. Due to theproblems with layered glass development the application was delayed,as a standard it was featured on the N series airframes in September1939. 50.8 mm (2 inches) thick armor plate was mounted on the outsideof the windshield. Similarly the introduction of the armored pilot seat andthe whole cockpit area was delayed. Those should have been installedin September 1939. In reality, numerous Spitres were lacking them stillin the spring and exceptionally even in summer 1940. Complete SpitreMk.I cockpit armor protection, as per modication nr.247 promulgated onJune 6th, 1940, consisted of an armor plate behind the seat, then 6 mmsheet metal on the engine bulkhead, a sheet metal covering the face ofthe coolant tank and nally, as per modication nr.315 dated November20, 1940, armor plate behind the pilot’s head. These features howevercan be also recognized in the Spitre photographs from the spring andsummer 1940. The important feature of the passive protection was alsofuel tanks armor protection. Spitre had two fuselage mounted fuel tanks,the lower one with capacity 168 litres (37 gallons) and upper one withcapacity 218 litres (48 gallons) located behind the engine and in frontof the pilot’s cockpit. Same, like in other cases, the protection was initiallynon-existent. As a rst step, a thicker 3 mm dural sheet protecting theupper fuel tank from outside was applied. Since April 1940 the protec-tion of the lower fuel tank was being introduced by means of the Linatexprotective covering which was a sandwich of rubber and linen 5 to 15 mmthick. Only in the end of July 1940, according to the modication nr.273,the rubber self-sealing tank protection was introduced. Unfortunatelly, inthe summer 1940 a lot of Spitres were still ying without any fuel tankprotection and the upper tank was completely missing the self-sealingcovering which in case of combat damage often resulted in a re and se-Spitre Mk.Ia of the No 19 Squadron with full armor, gun heating, late type of the Pitot tube and three blade De Havilland Type 5/20 propeller.No 602 Squadron Spitre Mk.Ia own by P/O A.A.McKellar during maintenance.See the anti-spin fairings on the sides of the fuel tank cowling.eduard38INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 39
HISTORYrious burns to a pilot. As can be seen, from its introduction to service in thefall 1938 to the end of the Battle of Britain in October 1940, Spitre Mk.Iunderwent signicant technical development which decidedly increasedits combat value and showed that the airframe did possess the reservesnecessary for the further development. Some problems remained unsol-ved however and are out of the scope of the historical period coveredby our model. Firstly, it was the ailerons‘ stiffness at higher speed causedby their blown skin. During the Spitre Mk.I combat deployment this causewas known, solution in the form of all metal ailerons was prepared but ithas not been applied. Similarly, the 100 grade fuel potential has neverbeen fully exploited on Spitre Mk.I.The armament of eight 7.7 mm ca-liber machine guns, still fully acceptable in the summer 1940, in the fall1940 it began to be considered insufcient for the future. The couple of20 mm cannons was experimented with on the cannon equipped SpitresMk.IB already, but this armament saw a wider use only later, on Mk.II andprimarily Mk.V where it practically became a standard.OPERATIONAL DEPLOYMENTAs we mentioned earlier, at the moment of the outbreak of the war,Spitres Mk.I were in the inventory of eleven RAF squadrons. Fighter Co-mmand held all Spitre squadrons back at home bases, squadrons equi-pped with Hurricanes were sent to France with British Expeditionary Force.Regardless, during the „Phoney War“ the Spitre squadrons engaged inseveral important battles with Luftwaffe aircraf penetrating the Britishairspace. However, the rst Spitre kills were the friendly aircraft. OnSeptember 6th, during the incident known as „Battle of Barking Creek“No. 74 Squadron ight A, led by Adolph „Sailor“ Malan, having beenvectored from the ground, shot down two No. 56 Squadron Hurricanes.One of the Hurricane pilots, Montague Hulton-Harrop, perished. The fur-ther sorties were aimed at the real adversary although the tragediescaused by friendly re still ocurred. On October 16th, 1939, RAF ghtersengaged in their rst successfull combat with German bombers over theBritish territory when during the KG 30 raid on Scapa Flow No. 602 and603 Squadrons shot down three Ju-88. In one of them, Hptm. Helmut Pohl,I./KG 30 commander, was shot down and captured. On October 28thboth squadrons participated in the rst kill of the German aircraft overthe British territory when they shot down He-111 over Firth of Forth. Thiskind of combat was typical for the period of the Phoney War and theSpitre were, during this time, entering combat with German bombersattacking shipping, ports and similar targets. Till mid March 1939 RAFghters shot down 26 enemy airplanes over the Great Britain. Until thedecisive turn in the course of war in May 1940, Spitre eet grew byanother eight squadrons totalling 19 squadrons. After the beginning ofthe German offensive in the west in May 1940, even these squadrons,until then exclusively focused on homeland air defense, began, despiteA.M.Downing initial resistance, to more intensely participate in the air co-ver of the British Expeditionary Force and allied units in general. Soon,better said surprisingly late, Spitres, for the rst time, met their mostimportant and famous adversaries, Messerschmitt Bf 109. At vee hours ofMay 13th, No. 264 Squadron Deants escorted by six Spitres from No.66 Squadron A ight, attacked 12./LG 1 Stuka formation diving on therailway station in the vicinity of Hague. 5./JG 26 Bf 109E providing theghter cover for Stukas shot down ve out of six attacking Deants andone of the escorting Spitres. 12./LG 1 lost four Ju 87B in this combat and5./JG 26 one Bf 109E. Thus both sides opened their score, so numerousin the future.In the meantime they parted almost even-handed. With the Germanoffensive advancing through Netherlands, Belgium and France and conti-nuous surrounding of the allied units concentrated on Belgium and Frenchcoasts, the Spitres‘ deployment intensity over the Continent grew rapidly.On May 20th the German tanks attacking through Belgium and France inwesterly direction reached Channel La Manche, the German front turnedto the north and the Germans started to push the surrounded allied troopsto the area of the French port of Dunkirk. On May 24th the German tro-ops reached channel Aa 30 km south-west from Dunkirk just to stop therefor two days. The precise reason of the famous Hitlers‘ „Haltbefehl“ is notknow, one train of thought is a supposed intention of marshal Goering tonish the surrounded Allies and force them to surrender. British Expeditio-nary Force commander, marshal Gort, took advantage of the two daybreak to relocate his troops and consolidate the defenses. On May 26thevening, almost simultaneously with restarted German attack, British Ad-miralty commenced the operation „Dynamo“, evacuation of the surroun-ded allied units from Dunkirk area. Airspace defense above British Expe-ditionary Force area of operation was assigned to No. 11 Groupcommanded by Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park. In the second half of May,No. 11 Group was rapidly enforced by units allocated from No. 12Group (A/V/M Leigh Mallory). Since May 21st intense air combat overDunkirk was picking up the pace with growing losses on both sides. In thecourse of these two weeks of heavy ghting, when the squadrons of (notonly) Spitres rotated even four times a day above British ExpeditionaryForce area, the British ghters‘ deployment tactics was already graduallychanging in response to the more effective German tactics. Germans ty-pically operated over the target area in the strength of the whole Gruppei.e. three Staffelen, whereas the Staffel was roughly the equivalent of theBritish squadron. Therefore, the British gradually doubled the scouts of theparticular squadrons so as two squadrons operated in concert. Since theend of May Fighter Command ghters operated in the formations of foursquadrons, kind of embryonic form of the future wings. On June 3rd,1940, the operation „Dynamo“ was concluded by the successful evacuati-on of the large contingent of the surrounded British, French and Belgiumtroops. The remaining allied units at Dunkirk, in the strength of roughly40,000 men, mostly French soldiers defending evacuation beachhead,capitulated on June 4th. Battle of France ended with capitulation ofFrance on June 22nd. Spitre losses in May were 46 aircraft as opposedto seventeen in June. During the week-long covering of the operation„Dynamo“ RAF lost 49 Spitres which indicates by itself the combat inten-sity during this operation. After several months of waging the war leisurly,the Spitre pilots experienced the modern war and over three weeksgained invaluable combat experience. A number of future ghter acesreceived their baptism of re in combat with enemy ghters and claimedSpitre Mk.I YT-O of the No 65 Squadron. After forced landing on a Dunkirk beach,May 26, 1940. The aircraft has been ignited by it´s pilot, P/O Kenneth Hart, who wassuccessfuly avacuated from Dunkirk two days latter. He was in age of 18 that time.No 11 Group Commanding Ofcer, AVM Keith Park, Newzeallander and World war One ghter ace.eduard39INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 40
HISTORYtheir rst kills. Intensity of the battles above the Channel after the evacua-tion of Dunkirk gradually diminished reaching the lowest point betweenJune and July. Both sides, RAF and Luftwaffe, were replenishing the ex-hausted units. At the fast pace, Lufwaffe was building the airport andsupply infrastructure on the French coast of Channel La Manche and relo-cating its units for preparation of the invasion of the Great Britain. Julymarked mutual skirmishes and German raids over the Channel. It was inthis phase when rst Bf 109E was shot down and emergency landingoccured on the British soil. This memorable event took place on July 8th,1940, when 4./JG 51 Bf 109E-1 piloted by Lt. Johann Bohm was serious-ly damaged by the re from a Spitre manned by Sgt. E.A.Mould fromNo. 74 Squadron and crash-landed at Bladbeam Hill in Kent. At that timeJG 51 was the only complete German Jagdgeschwader operating it theChannel area. The British mark the beginning of the Battle of Britain onJuly 10th, 1940. In this opening stage, called by Germans Kanalschlachtand Channel Battle by Brits, the Luftwaffe gained the actual air suprema-cy over the Channel. However, this was not accomplished for free, theyhad to overcome RAF’s tough resistance. The Germans date the beginningof the Battle of Britain one month later, on August 8th, when they alreadyhad sufcient forces concentrated in the Channel area. The actual stageof the Battle commenced on August 13th with the operation Adlerangriff.During its rst day, known by the codename Adlertag, the concentratedattack on the British infrastructure started, within which the Luftwaffe gh-ters were actively seeking the confrontation with British ghters with theintention to pressure RAF and weaken Fighter Command forces as much aspossible. This turned out to be quite a success, the British evaluated August18th as the Hardest Day and in the middle of September Luftwaffe wasnot far from victory. However, RAF was not defeated yet, it put up a toughresistance and was adjusting the tacticts of its ghters according to theever-changing combat conditions. Luftwaffe too was changing the tacticsin the course of ghting. The British ghters strived to attack from higheraltitude, ghting the bombers though they preferred deployment of theHurricanes since they presented more stable gun platforms and had be-tter concentrated wing armament. Spitres focused more on the combatwith German bombers‘ ghter escort. Thus the Hurricanes could, duringtheir rst attack on the enemy bombers formation, to an extent, ignore theghter escort which was taken care of by Spitres. The Germans helpedthis by an unfortunate decision when in response to a rather panic reactionof the bomber crews to the losses during the operation Adlerangriff, theybrought the escort ghters too close to the bombers depriving them ofmaneuvering exibility against British ghters attack so they de factoaccomodated the British tactics. On the other hand the British experimentwith Composite Wings or Big Wing, promoted by Leigh-Mallory and Ba-der, failed. Withing Duxford Wing led by Douglas Bader CzechoslovakNo. 310 Squadron and Polish No. 302 Squadron fought alongside BritishNo. 242, 19 and 611 Squadrons. The idea was promising, in reality ho-wever, it was proven too difcult to execute. Formation of the whole winginto a combat formation and its vectoring to the combat zone was compli-cated, clumsy, easily identied by the enemy. Due to these circumstancesthe Bader’s wing usually arrived at the battle scene delayed, often into analready terminating encounter. By all means it was not that strike forcewhich its fathers expected. The evaluation is always the matter of theaspect because later RAF was able to form higher level units at wing leveland successfully deploy them. On the contrary, the British advanced gui-dence system allowed to deploy, on the endagered sections defended byNo. 11 Group, forces from the other units, from No. 10 Group in the westprimarily and No. 12 Group concentrated in the north of England, andexibly create the strong operational groups without clumsy organizationof the higher level units. Probably the fatal tactical mistake made byLuftwaffe command was to shift the attacks from RAF infrastructure tar-gets and military targets in general, to the cities and populated areas. Inthe second half of August Luftwaffe command withdrew Luftotte 2 andLuftotte 5 bombers from day sorties and let them continue ying at nightonly and fully withdrew Stukas from the raids against England due to theirinsufcient range. Only Luftotte 3 bombers continued the day operationsand were to continue with raids on industrial factories including those ofthe aviation industry and other militarily important targets. This grantedRAF the time to consolidate the forces and renew the infrastructure. Therst mass attack on London was performed by German bombers on Sep-tember 7th under the personal supervision of marshal Goering. On Sep-tember 15th, commerative Battle of Britain Day when Luftwaffe executedanother massive raid on London, Fighter Command was left with 581Spitres and Hurricanes. The Luftwaffe ghter inventory was being deple-ted as well, a week earlier, on September 7th, Luftwaffe had 533 variousversion of Bf 109E it its inventory. On the top of it, on this day, September7th, the Germans deprived themselves of the capacity of its ghter unitsby decision to remove one Staffel from each Jagdgruppe and deploythese units in the ghter-bomber role. By this move they reduced the pureghter inventory by one third without somewhat signicantly increasingthe bomber attacks effectiveness (you will nd more about this topic in theupcoming item of the Eduard Limited Edition series dedicated to variousversions of Bf 109E deployed in the Battle of Britain). On September 15thFighter Command managed to concentrate ghters of all three Groups,10, 11 and 12 for the defense of London, muster the erce resistance andshow its strength to the enemy. On September 17th, as a result of theseevents, the German supreme command called off the operation Seelowe,the invation of Britain, and postponed it indenitely. Battles did not ceasehowever, the war was going on. On September 19th Luftwaffe commandalready redirected the attacks on British supply depots, warehouses, rail-way stations and ports where the Germans started to lay mines as well.On September 26th Luftwaffe scored an accurate and effective strikewhen 59 He 111 from KG 55 performed a devastating raid on Super-marine factories in Woolston and Itchen leading in fact to the halt of theirproduction. As we mentioned earlier, production in these factories signi-cantly relied on subcontractors which was a way to restarting the manu-facturing process in the scattered locations. Despite that, Spitre Mk.I pro-Shot down Bf 109E from JG 51 after an emergency landing in England.Preparation of Ju 88 for an air raid on Britain.A stricken Spitre Mk.I attacking He 111 formation, photographed from the Heinkel cockpit.eduard40INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 41
HISTORYduction decrease was noticeable, also due to the fact that during theproduction reorganization large part of it was redirected to Morris com-pany in Castle Bromwich manufacturing Spitres Mk.II. On the other handthis meant lling the orders of superior Spitres Mk.II at desirable levels.From the British point of view the Battle of Britain ended on October 31st,1940. From the point of view of deploying the ghter squadrons it is ra-ther historical date, the battles continued at the same intensity. In Novem-ber Luftwaffe conducted heavy raids on Birmingham, Liverpool and Co-ventry. Coventry was heavily hit by carpet bombing on November 14th.This raid became a symbol of the cynical air war against civilian targetsand partially served as an ideological justication of the RAF bomberoffensive against German cities in the upcoming period of the war. Thelast large scale Luftwaffe raid, before deploying the main forces to theeast, was heavy raid on London which took place on May 10th, 1940.Towards the end of 1940 Spitre Mk.I share in ghter squadrons invento-ry started to gradually decrease in favor of the more modern and betterperforming Spitres Mk.II. Spitres Mk.I were being slowly transferred tothe training and second line units serving in the less exposed areas.Squadrons rotating from No. 11 Group to No. 12 or No. 13 were typica-lly re-equipped with them leaving their better performing Mk.II behind forthe incoming squadron. Regardless, Spitres Mk.I still ew combat up untilthe beginning of the RAF offensive against German targets in westernEurope in January 1941. They were however continuously pushed out ofthe front lines by Spitres Mk.II and later Mk.V. Nevertheless, in July 19415 combat and 6 non-combat Spitre Mk.I equipped squadrons remainedstill on duty. Since the spring of 1941 Mk.I airframes were used as a baseto rebuild them to Spitre Mk.V standard.COMPETITORS AND ADVERSARIESIn order to evaluate Spitre Mk.I qualities and historical importance it isimportant to compare it to another two airplanes. The rst is a home-grownHurricane Mk.I as a competitor, and partner, in the RAF Fighter Commandsquadrons‘ inventory and the second is Bf 109E, as a principal opponentto Spitres and Hurricanes in the Battle of France and Britain. HurricaneMk.I was the rst modern ghter monoplane being introduced to the RAFinventory. Conceptually, both Hurricane and Spitre aircraft were simi-lar, both were low-wing monoplanes with retractable undercarriage, bothwere powered by the same engine, Merlin II/III, the basic armament ofeight Browning 7.7 mm machine guns was the same as well. The differencewas in applied manufacturing technology and performance. Hurricanewas built as classic Warren truss box-girder partially covered with fabricfeaturing relatively thick wing prole a lower wing load. This resulted,in comparison with Spitre, in the lower maximum speed and maneuve-rability, on the other hand, thick wing prole enabled the comfortable in-stallation of the weapons in two compact batteries of four machine guns ineach wing half and the installation of a sturdy undercarriage with a widewheels track. The classic airframe design did not cause any fundamentaltechnological challenges during the production implementation at an ex-perienced biplane ghters manufacturer (Hawker was a successor to thefamous Sopwith company known by its WWI period ghters). Introductionof this type into large scale production and service was without major pro-blems and Hurricane preceded more modern Spitre by several monthsin arrival to the service. At the outbreak of the war, on September 3rd,1939, RAF mustered 11 operational squadrons equipped with Spitresand 16 operational squadrons equipped with Hurricanes. This ratio wasmore-less maintained until the end of 1940. From the beginning of Julytill the end of October a little over 600 Spitres (608) and almost 1000Hurricanes (991) were manufactured. The difference was largely inu-enced by the complicated Spitre design. To make one Spitre 2.5 timesmore man hours were needed than to produce a Hurricane. Speakingabout performace however Spitre was decidedly superior to Hurricaneand Spitre losses to victories ratio is signicantly better as well. In 1941the ratio of these two types in the inventory started to rapidly changein favour of Spitre, with which RAF Fighter Command squadrons weregradually re-equipped. Hurricanes were being transferred to the gh-ter-bomber role and remained serving as ghters in the night ghtingsquadrons since they were better suited for this role than Spitre thanksto their features. Spitre and Bf 109E comparison is a favourite disciplinesince the rst deployment of both types in the combat over the Channel.Thousands of pages were written however, the results are rather biasedbased on the evaluator‘s personality and his preferences. What I haveon mind is which airplane was his favourite, frankly speaking. The mutualcomparison is also burdened by the conditions of these tested aircraft,captured ones in particular. Of course both sides tested the captured air-planes of the enemy and it is interesting to learn that both sides arrived atthe conclusion that their own airplanes demonstrated performance superi-or to the opponet’s ones. It’s quite understandable that they came to theseresults during testing and comparison. It was not only that they somehowrouted for their own team. „Skeleton in the cupboard“ was the actualcondition of the tested aircraft. While their own airplanes were almostalways in perfect condition, impeccably serviced and properly lled withall prescribed operational uids the same can not be said about the cap-tured planes. It was a matter of improvisation in order to maintain theseaircraft airworthy and the maintenance standards were not followed pre-cisely. Neither service manuals nor pilot’s notes were available and eventhough no one can doubt the abilities and qualities of the test pilots onboth sides the question remains if they could have pushed the performan-ce limits of the tested aircraft in the same way they would have done withtheir own planes. The logical conclusion will be that probably not. There isa plethora of papers and studies about advantages and disadvantagesof the both aircraft. About carburetor problems in Spitre, about fuelinjection advantages in Messerschmitt, about British ability to introduce100 grade fuel as a standard or on the contrary about better Germanconstant speed VDM propellers. Similar situation exists in regards to thearmament, standard combined Bf 109E armament of two 20 mm MGFF cannons and two 7.62 mm MG 17 machine guns gave by all meansstronger punch a was more effective than eight 7.7 mm Spitre machineguns but even this statement is doubted by some authors. And this goeson with almost every parameter. In fact, both aircraft, Spitre Mk.I andBf 109E, were equal in the majority of the evaluated parameters. In somecases they even faced the similar, almost identical issues. The example isfabric-covered ailerons on both types which despite knowing the problemof them becoming stiff at high speed, they have never been replacedin production with full metal ailerons, neither on Bf 109E nor on SpitreMk.I. If you wish to learn more details about the issue of comparing theSpitre Mk.I and Bf 109E performaces there is a lot of available sources.The interesting and non-negotiable difference is in the design philosophyof both opponents. While on Bf 109 design racionality and productiontechnology were primary focus Spitre was built more ruggedly and fromsome aspects in a slightly complicated „British style“. Whoever of youhad, at any time, anything to do with British and German car design con-cept will understand what I am talking about. Even our models show, thatthere are about one third more rivets on Spitre than on Bf 109E. Andthat is correct, the ratio of the number of applied rivets on these two realaircraft is similar.MMM-MOST MEMORABLE MISCONCEPTIONSLike in many other cases, when it comes to Spitre in general and spe-cically Spitre Mk.I, modellers‘ community harbors some deeply rootedpopular misunderstandings. Some of them are historic, for example theimagination, that the Battle of Britain was several months-long continuousstream of combat encounters and that the both sides had clear strategyand tactics. In reality, even during the Battle of Britain, there were peri-ods of the intense battles as well as relative lull in the operations eitherdue to inclement weather or re-organization of the forces, primarily onthe German side who during the Battle of Britain enjoyed strategic initi-ative. Situation was similar as far as tactics is concerned, both sides werecontinuously changing it and did not avoid fatal mistakes. Then we havetechnical mistakes, for example typical modelers‘ imagination that Spit-Hurricane Mk.I with popular performance of the group of pilots running for scramble. It was usuallya show for a photographer only.eduard41INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 42
HISTORYre Mk.I production can be cleanly divided into the blocks with clearlydened atributes such as equipment, weaponry and other parameters.Truth be told, it is very easy to distinguish Spitre Mk.I from the beginningof its production, featuring two blade propeller and at canopy, fromSpitre in its nal form with three bladed propeller and bubble canopybut that is about it. Once the inovations and changes started to roll outthey were applied gradually and it was not uncommon as the result of animprovisation.Thus Spitres featuring various changes served, at the same time, withSpitres that were still waiting for their application. Typical example isthe cockpit and other parts armor protection. In certain period, typica-lly the spring 1940, it is very difcult to determine what kind of armorprotection had been installed on Spitres and to which extent on anyparticular airframe. Even if we know the date of the introduction ofa particular change, it will not help because this change was demonstrablyfeatured earlier than it was supposed to ofcially. S/Ldr. Cozens Spitrebubble canopy visible in the photographs from October 1938 serves asan example, well before the ofcial introduction of te bubble canopyinto production in January 1939. We have the similar situation with thearmor behind pilot’s head, ofcially introduced in November 1940, butdocumented to be already featured on the aircraft photograhed in Mayor June 1940. Immediately after presenting our Spitre Mk.I model onCzech Modeller‘s Forum the motor-driven hydraulic pump of the underca-rriage retracting system became an instant hit. In further Spitre versionsthis pump replaced the original, hand-operated pump installed in SpitreMk.I. The published sources vaguely state that the hand pump was laterreplaced by the motor-driven one spreading the information at the sametime, that it took place after the manufacture of the 175th Spitre Mk.I.This is an error, the aircraft of much later production blocks still featuredthe hand pump and it is highly probable that the undercarriage retractingsystem with motor-driven pump has never been introduced into SpitreMk.I production line. Spitre Mk.I pilots therefore retracted their landinggear by 27 strokes of the large lever mounted on the right side of thecockpit which certainly had an negative impact on take off and landingprocedures and more often than not caused bruises of the back of thepilot‘s hand, known as „Spitre Knuckle“. On the contrary, Spitres Mk.IIfeatured the motor-driven pump as a standard, supposedly right off theproduction start.The most resistant and favourite errors are obviously the following:- Two parallel wing strengthening strakes on the wing skin above wheelwell. These wing strengthening strakes have never been featured on thecombat Spitre Mk.I, not even Mk.II and Mk.V. They were applied on theaircraft much later, the earliest in 1942, exclusively as an reinforcementof the skin over the wheel well as it was exposed to an enourmous stresson war-weary aircraft.- Oil cooler with circular intersection under the left wing. Spitres Mk.Ihave never featured these cooler, only those with U-shape intersection.- Crow bar on the cockpit door. It was only introduced in 1941 and ithas never been painted red on wartime aircraft. Denitely not on SpitresMk.I.- Electrical socket on the port side of the wing root, behind the canopy. Itwas missing on Mk.I. It needs to be lled with putty on our model since thebasic fuselage design is common for Mk.I, Mk.II and Mk.V versions.- Gunsight with rectangular shade. It was only introduced into productionin 1941.- Little bulge covering a pyrotechnical starter (Coffman starter) on theport side of the aircraft nose behind propeller. This starter was only in-troduced on Merlin III powering Spitres Mk.II. Sometimes it is stated thatalso Merlin III powered Spitres Mk.I were equipped with this starter. Itis not true.- The inner armor glass. It has never been featured on Mk.I, it was onlyintroduced in 1942 on Spitre Mk.V production line.- And in addition already mentioned motor-driven pump and all metalailerons. Neither can be documented on any combat Spitre Mk.I.And then we have one more historical error. Frequently repeated, ma-ybe not a complete error but a suspicion, uncertainty circulated aroundthe world with the intention to dissolve and cover up the old thruths, ashappening nowadays all the time. From time to time someone states thatRAF did not win BoB, that Luftwaffe did not loose, that if it had wantedit would have nished it, but did not want to. That LW only lost interest incarrying on with Battle of Britain. Let‘s make it clear: the loss of interest towin the battle means defeat. It has been like it since the beginning of daysand will be forever. Whoever looses interest, looses the faith as well andultimately looses the battle. That is it, no rocket science. RAF won the Battleof Britain. Luftwaffe suffered its rst defeat. It was the rst out of manyawaiting it in the coming ve years and Spitres played their role in themmore often than not. And that is all about Spitre today. We will continuewith Spitre Mk.II in the end of 2020.Foto courtesy of Simon Erland and CTKS/Ldr Robert Stanford Tuck in cabin of No. 257 Squadron Hurricane.Vladimír ŠulcProduct Pageeduard42INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 43
KITS 08/2020K9795, No. 19 Squadron, RAF Duxford, Cambridgeshire, October 1938No. 41 Squadron, RAF Caerick, North Yorkshire, Spring 1939INTO SERVICE. The rst unit to be armed with the new Spiire Mk.I was to have inially been No. 41 Squadron, which at the me was ying the HawkerFury. For a number of reasons, though, the honor ended up going to No. 19 Squadron. Besides the fact that this was an experienced squadron, which similar-ly bapzed the new Gloster Gauntlet in 1935, the size of the aireld was also a determining factor. The aireld at Duxford, No. 19 Squadron’s base, hada longer landing strip than the one at No .41 Squadron’s base, Caerick. Aer the experience with the Hurricane, where several aircra were lost in landingaccidents, the larger eld was felt to be the beer choice. Last, but not least, the fact that the Squadron’s Commanding Ocer , S/Ldr Henry Cozens, wasa qualied aeronaucal engineer able to co-operate with Supermarine on the ne-tuning of the Spiire, certainly did not hurt. This later turned out to begood choice, and there was a close communicaon between the new head designer, Joseph Smith, and Cozens. Cozens himself rst ew Spiire K9789 onAugust 11th, 1938. Our presentaon of the Spiire camouage scheme and markings from October 31st, 1938, are based on the photographs taken froma Blenheim Mk.I. An interesng item of note is that during the photo op, Cozens’ K9794 was equipped with a blown canopy cover, a feature that didn’t be-come standard unl January, 1939. The rst loss came on November 3rd, 1938, when P/O Sinclair, future A Flight Leader of No. 310 (Czechoslovak) Squadron,suered a landing mishap, causing the rst ocially delivered Spiire Mk.I to the RAF, K9792, to be wrien o. Note the interesng design of the n leadingedge, which was to prevent entanglement of the an-spit parachute in the case of use.TUNNING. No. 41 Squadron accepted its rst two Spiire Mk.Is, K9831 and K9832, only a day before the end of 1938, as the third Fighter Co-mmand unit to do so. This Spiire Mk.I, coded PN-M, carries a scheme from the summer of 1939, with the upper surface naonal roundels ofthe red-blue type, with the white segment covered in blue and red, and the yellow segment covered over with the camouage colours. Tech-nically, the aircra is representave of the rst producon version with a Merlin II engine, a xed, two-blade wooden Weybridge propeller,a at cockpit canopy, and the original pitot tube. The aircra lacked gun heang and all armor plang, including the armored windscreen. Theright wing of the aircra mounted an external gun camera. By the beginning of the war, the RAF had accepted 306 Spiire Mk.Is, 187 of whichserved with Fighter Command squadrons. Seven of these units were fully combat ready on September 3rd, 1939, and the remaining fourwere at various stages of re-equipping. Prior to the outbreak of the war, thirty-six Spiires were lost to various accidents. Aer the war began,no Spiire equipped squadrons were sent to France and all remained on the Brish islands.eduard43INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 44
KITS 08/2020K9906, F/O Robert Stanford Tuck, No. 65 Squadron, RAF Hornchurch, Essex, Summer 1939K9955, F/O Archibald Ashmore McKellar, No. 602 Squadron, RAF Drem, East Lothian, Scotland, March 1940TALLY HO! This Spiire Mk.I from No. 65 Squadron also sports a prewar camouage scheme and markings. It carries some technical impro-vements from the previous aircra, such as the blown cockpit canopy, a three-blade two-pitch De Haviland Type 5/20 propeller, and is likelyequipped with a system that used hot air to heat the guns. The aircra does lack armor plang and is equipped with an older style pitot tube.It does not yet carry a reector type gun sight. From our decal opons, the pilot, F/O R.S. Tuck is the most successful in terms of combatwith 29 conrmed kills and two shared. In May, 1940, he was transferred to No. 92 Squadron, and with this unit, he fought in the Bale ofFrance and the Bale of Britain. His rst kills came on May 23rd, 1940, over Dunkirk, when he shot down three German aircra, and two onthe following day. On September 11th, 1940, he was named CO of No. 257 Squadron, armed with the Hurricane Mk.I. It is assumed that oneof his vicms was future Luwae ace Hansz-Joachim Marseille on September 23rd, 1940. With the rank of Wing Commander, he was shotdown by ak on January 28th, 1942, near Boulogne sur Mer, and aer a successful forced landing, he was taken prisoner. He took part in thepreparaons for what became known as the Great Escape from Stalag Lu III in Sagan, but he did not actually take part in the escape itself, ashe was moved to the camp Belaria just prior to it. On February 1st, 1945, he made good his escape with Polish pilot Zbigniew Kustrzynski, du-ring an evacuaon march and headed west, where he joined up with the advancing Soviet army. At this point, his knowledge of Russian camein rather handy, a knowledge that he had acquired as a child from his Russian nanny. Later, he made his way back to England, via Moscow.He connued on in the services of the RAF aer the war, and did so up to the ies, and then dedicated another twenty years of his life tomushroom farming. He served as a technical advisor on the lm ‘Bale of Britain’ during which he became friends with Adolf Galland, andbecame godfather to his son. He passed away on May 5th, 1987, at the age of seventy.PHONEY WAR. This Spiire Mk.I, serialled K9955 and hailing from No. 602 Squadron, is representave of an aircra that has been going through modernizaon, carry-ing an armored windscreen, a two-pitch, three bladed propeller, gun heang, a new pitot tube, but with an older antenna mast. The seat is likely not yet armored,but the aircra does have the GM 2 reector type gun sight. Note the an-spin fairings on the sides of the fuel tank. Also interesng is the fact that No. 602 Squadronhad their engines converted to use 100 Octane fuel already by mid-February, 1940. No. 602 Squadron was one of the Auxiliary Air Force (AAF) units to have acquiredSpiires prior to the beginning of the war. The AAF was an arm of the RAF that was composed of Reserve and Non-Commissioned Ocers, who kept up their qualica-ons by way of weekend ying. They were known as ‘the Weekend Air Force’. Before the war, and shortly aer its outbreak, the members of the force were made upof mostly beer-o individuals with good social connecons. Aer the war began, its personnel were mobilized, and units were essenally ‘professionalized’. A part ofthe AAF was also made up of units composed of foreign naonals, including Czechoslovak and Polish squadrons of the RAF. On October 16th, 1939, No. 602 Squadrontook part in the rst successful RAF encounter with German bombers when KG 30 conducted a raid on Scapa Flow, together with No. 603 Squadron, downing three Ju88s. One of the crew that was shot down and taken prisoner was Hptm. Helmut Pohl, CO of I./KG 30. The squadron also took part in the rst shoot down of a Germanaircra over Brish territory, that on October 28th, when her pilots, again in conjuncon with No. 603 Squadron, amed an He 111 over Firth of Forth. Both encount-ers were parcipated in by A.A. McKellar, and some sources count them among McKellar’s aerial victories. In June, 1940, McKellar was named Flight Leader with No.605 Squadron, ying Hurricane Mk.Is, to eventually take command of the unit from another well-known pilot, S/Ldr. Walter Churchill. McKellar claimed een killsduring the Bale of Britain (plus one shared), with ve coming on October 3rd (all over Bf 109Es), becoming one of 28 Allied pilots to reach ‘Ace in a Day’ status. A.A. McKellar died in combat just one day aer the end of the Bale of Britain, on November 1st, 1940. It is widely assumed that his end came at the hands of Hptm.Wolfgang Lippert, CO of II./JG 27. It is a noteworthy fact that his Hurricane Mk.I, P3308, on which he gained thirteen of his kills (plus one shared, four probables andone damaged), was the aircra responsible for making the Hurricane the most successful aircra of the Bale of Britain, in terms of number of kills.Later, P3308 was assigned to No. 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron on January 4th, 1941, where it was wrien o in an accident on April 30th of the same year.eduard44INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 45
K9955, F/O Archibald Ashmore McKellar, No. 602 Squadron, RAF Drem, East Lothian, Scotland, March 1940KITS 08/2020N3180, P/O Alan Christopher Deere (RNZAF), No. 54 Squadron, RAF Hornchurch, Essex, May 1940P9443, F/Lt Douglas Bader, No. 222 Squadron, RAF Duxford, Cambridgeshire / Kirton in Lindsey, Lincolnshire, early June 1940BATTLE of FRANCE. No. 54 Squadron transioned from the Gladiator onto the Spiire Mk.I at the beginning of 1940. It was the only RAF squadronthat was equipped almost exclusively with Mk.I Spits that featured Rotol RMS 7 constant-speed propellers. Aircra serialled N3180 was representa-ve of the Spiire sporng all upgrade features seen on the type. What is not certain is whether or not interior armor was carried, and the rearviewmirror was not, as was the case with the majority of Spiires at the me. That came about as a reacon to the intense combat over Dunkirk. Aerthe German aack on Holland, Fighter Command squadrons were tasked with air cover for retreang Allied units. New Zealander Al Deere, who rstew a Spiire on March 6th, undertook Channel patrol missions aer his return from a period of inacvity induced by health reasons. These missionsextended into oensive acons undertaken over the European mainland side of the Channel. He also took part in No. 54 Squadron’s air support ofretreang Allied units on May 16th. On May 23rd, Deere, along with other pilots, took part in the escort of a Miles Magister own by F/Lt. JamesLeathart, to pick up No. 74 Squadron CO Laurie White, who crash landed not far from Calais. It was during this mission that Deere shot down his rsttwo Bf 109s. The next day, he added another over Saint-Omer, and on May 26th, he dispatched a couple of Bf 110s over Gravelines. On the night ofthe 26th of May, Operaon Dynamo began the evacuaon of Dunkirk. For FC, this meant several ights per day over the evacuaon beaches andalso signicant losses. On May 28th, Deere sustained damage from the defensive re coming from a Do 17, and he had to belly in on a beach. He ma-naged to hop an evacuaon ship, cross the Channel to Dover while enduring the taunng of stressed and evacuated infantry, get to London by train,and aer a 19-hour anabasis, nally reaching Hornchurch. No. 54 Squadron took part in the Bale of Britain aer the successful Dunkirk evacuaonand a short rest at Caerick. Al Deere is credited with seven conrmed kills during the Bale of Britain. Over the course of the Second World War, heheld several command posions, commanded No. 602 Squadron, later in 1942 No. 403 Squadron RCAF, commanded the Biggin Hill Wing, and alsothe French 143rd Wing in May, 1944. In July, 1944, he became a member of the Sta of the 84th Group. His total tally is 22 kills (some sources citeseventeen). He remained in the service unl his rerement in 1967, with the rank of Air Commodore. In 1991, he published his memoirs called ‘NineLives’. A holder of the Order of the Brish Empire and one of the most famous of all New Zealand and Brish pilots, he passed away September 22nd,1995, at the age of 77.DARKNESS HOUR. Bader’s P9443 is an example of the nal Spiire Mk.I conguraon, including armored tanks, windscreen and seat. The aircra sll had not been equipped witha rearview mirror or armored headrest. The legend that was Douglas Bader lost both legs in a crash in a Bristol Bulldog Mk.II during aerobacs training on December 14th, 1931. He returnedto the RAF aer the outbreak of the Second World War, and aer tesng that conrmed his aerial abilies and conversion training, he was assigned to No. 19 Squadron in January, 1940.While serving with this unit, he crashed in a Spiire on landing, and pronounced that had he not lost both his legs earlier, he would have done so now. Prior to the beginning of the Germanoensive of May 10th, 1940, he was transferred to No. 222 Squadron as a Flight Leader. During Operaon Dynamo, No. 222 Squadron took part in providing air cover for the evacuaon ofDunkirk. Here, Bader got his rst Bf 109 kill, and he damaged several other German aircra. On June 28th, 1940, he was made CO of No. 242 Squadron, which was dominated by Canadianpersonnel and was armed with the Hurricane Mk.I, with which he took part in the Bale of Britain. During the BoB, he was a big supporter of ghter operaons involving large groups, theComposite Wing, also known as the Big Wing, made up of up to ve squadrons. In a test of his theory, he led the Duxford Wing, made up of ve squadrons, No.s 242, 19, 310 (Czechoslovak),302 (Polish) and 611. The results were not sasfactory. It was not possible to properly formate such a large number of aircra. This caused Bader’s Wing to show up at the designated loca-on late, and the ulizaon of such a concentraon of assets was deemed disproporonately ineecve. As a result, the idea was fairly quietly dropped. During the Bale of Britain, Bader iscredited with eleven conrmed kills. On March 18th, 1941, he was named Wing Commander of the Tangmere Wing, made up of No. 145, 610 and 613 Squadrons. These units took part inoensive operaons in occupied France. At the me, he ew the Spiire Mk.Va, coded DB, which yielded his somewhat pejorave call sign ‘Dogsbody’. On September 9th, 1941, Bader wasshot down in combat, west of Saint Omer, with a JG 26 Bf 109F, and taken prisoner. On bailing from his aircra, he lost one of his prosthec limbs, and a replacement was ensured for him byAdolf Galland, with Hermann Goring’s approval. It was dropped o at Saint Omer on August 19th by a Bristol Blenheim in an operaon dubbed Circus 81. Who actually shot down Bader isnot clear, and no German pilot ever took the credit. It has been speculated that there was a collision of two airplanes, or that this may have been a case of friendly re. There is evena version of events that implies that he was intenonally shot down by another Spiire. It is interesng to note that his damaged prosthec limb was recovered in a eld, but his Spiire wasnever found. Bader was placed in the well known POW camp at Stalag Lu III in Sagan, and aer several unsuccessful aempts at escape, he was transferred on August 18th, 1942, to OagIV-C, located at Colditz castle in Saxony. There, he was released on April 15th, 1945, by advancing American troops. He le the RAF in July, 1946. Unl his rerement in 1969, he worked forthe Shell company. He was polically acve as a member of the House of Commons of the Brish Parliament. He was well known for his very conservave and even then, to say nothing oftoday, controversial views. He authored a well known book, tled ‘Reach for the Sky’ that was made into a movie, where the role of Bader was played by Kenneth More. He passed away onSeptember 5th, 1982, suering a heart aack aer a dinner held in honor of Marshal Arthur Harris.eduard45INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 46
KITS 08/2020K9953, F/Lt. Adolph Gysbert Malan, No. 74 Squadron, RAF Hornchurch, Essex, June/July 1940N3162, P/O Eric Stanley Lock, No. 41 Squadron, RAF Hornchurch, Essex, United Kingdom, August/September 1940CHANNEL BATTLE. This aircra is also in the modernized form of the Spiire Mk.I, but interesngly has an older antenna mast conguraon. South Africannave Adolf ‘Sailor’ Malan, originally an actual sailor, joined the RAF back in 1935, and served with No. 74 Squadron from 1937. At the me, the unit ewthe Gloster Gauntlet Mk.II. In September, 1937, he was named A Flight Leader. In February, 1939, the unit converted to the Spiire and went into combat onSeptember 6th, 1939, but unfortunately, this was an incident in which they were vectored into a ight of No. 56 Squadron Hurricanes. Malan’s Flight shotdown two Hurricanes, and one pilot, Montague Hulton-Harrop was killed. The incident became known as the Bale of Barking Creek, and went throughcourt maral on the basis that Malan did not control his pilots suciently enough. The nal decision was that this was a tragic accident and all defendantswere acquied. Over the course of Operaon Dynamo, Malan gained ve kills, and was awarded the DFC. For the downing of two He 111s on the night of19th/20th of June, he gained his rst Bar to go with the DFC. Even at the beginning phases of the Bale of Britain, Channel Bale/Kanalkampf, Malan andhis pilots gave up on the line-astern formaon, known as ‘looser man’, and were accepng the more exible nger-four formaon instead, something theLuwae had done as far back as the Spanish Civil War. Legend has it that on July 28th, Malan damaged the aircra own by Werner Mölders and evenwounded him, but current research aributes this event to No. 41 Squadron. On August 8th, Malan took command of No. 74 Squadron. On August 11th, thisunit, under the command of Malan, gained 38 kills over four operaonal ights. The event has come to be regarded as ‘Malan’s August 11th’. Malan himselfachieved sixteen kills during the Bale of Britain, and by the end of his career in August, 1941, this had risen to 27 kills with another seven shared. He was amagnicent taccian, and was also famous for his ten rules of air combat. He connued in the RAF in dierent roles unl April, 1946, when he entered intorerement with the rank of Group Captain and returned to South Africa, dedicang himself to farming. He was polically acve through the ies and wasa vocal opponent of Apartheid, but the rise of the African Naonal Congress caused him to withdraw due to disagreement with the ANC’s pracces. He diedat the age of 53 on September 17th, 1963.The HARDEST DAY. Eric Lock, nicknamed ‘Sawn o Lockie’ due to his small stature, joined No.41 Squadron as a rookie in June, 1940. At the beginning of July,he found the me to get married, and aer his honeymoon, he began his combat career in the developing Bale of Britain. His rst kills didn’t come unl Au-gust 15th. He rst shot down a Bf 110, followed by a Ju 88. During the rotaon of units, No 41 Squadron was moved from Caerick to Hornchurch in Essex onSeptember 3rd, into the centre of the most intense combat during the Bale of Britain. From that point on, Lock accumulated kills on an almost regular dailybasis, and by the 20th of September, he had een kills to his credit, accomplished in sixteen days, this despite suering leg wounds in combat with a Bf 109Eon September 5th. On October 31st, 1940, Eric Lock was the most successful Allied pilot of the Bale of Britain with 21 kills. On November 8th, Lock’s Spiirewas heavily damaged in combat with several Bf 109Es over Beachy Head in eastern Sussex, and he had to belly land in a eld. Lock was himself wounded inthe right hand and both legs from rounds red by a Bf 109E on November 17th. He again force landed his aircra near an airstrip at Martlesham Heath inSuolk. However, this me he was not able to get out of his aircra due to serious injuries and loss of blood. He remained in his aircra unconscious for sometwo hours before being found by a pair of patrolling soldiers, who carried him to a hospital on an improvised stretcher made from ries and a tarp. Over thenext three months, Lock endured een major surgeries and spent another three months in a rehabilitaon centre at Royal Masonic Hospital, where he wasrepeatedly operated on by a pioneer of plasc surgery, Archibald McIndoe. He returned to No. 41 Squadron, and to ying, in June, 1941, and in July, he waspromoted to Flight Lieutenant and made B Flight Leader with No. 611 Squadron. In July, he gained three kills over Bf 109Fs during oensive missions overFrance. On August 3rd, 1941, while returning from a ‘Rhubarb’ mission, he aacked a German convoy not far from Pas de Calais and has been listed as missi-ng in acon ever since. It is generally assumed that he was hit by an-aircra re and crashed in the sea. Neither his Spiire Mk.V, W3257, nor his body, wereever located, despite several eorts. At the me of his disappearance, he had 26 aircra to his credit, which he achieved over a twenty-ve week span overthe course of one year, six months of which were spent in hospital. Eric Lock was the rst of three famous Brish pilots and heroes of our Spiire Story, whowere shot down at that me. Douglas Bader was shot down and taken prisoner on August 9th, 1941, and on January 28th, 1942, Robert Tuck.eduard46INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 47
N3162, P/O Eric Stanley Lock, No. 41 Squadron, RAF Hornchurch, Essex, United Kingdom, August/September 1940KITS 08/2020X4425, F/Sgt. George Cecil Unwin, No. 19 Squadron, RAF Fowlmere, Cambridgeshire, August/September 1940X4382, P/O Osgood Philip Villiers Hanbury, No. 602 Squadron, RAF Westhampne, West Sussex, September 1940.THE FEW. This aircra illustrates the nal conguraon of the Spiire during the Bale of Britain, including the rearview mirror and fullyarmored features. The pilot of this aircra was George Unwin, nicknamed ‘Grumpy’, and was one of the most experienced pilots, and not justwithin No. 19 Squadron. He was one of the rst Spiire pilots, and ew the new plane serialled K9792 as early as August 16th, 1938. He testew een new Spiires during tests conducted in the fall of 1938. He pulled o a successful forced landing in K9797 aer an engine failure,skillfully avoiding the village of Acton in Suolk. During Operaon Dynamo, he shot down three aircra, an Hs 126, a Bf 110 and an He 111.The Bale of Britain allowed him to raise the total by another eleven kills. At the end of the year, he ended ying operaonally, and servedas a ight instructor unl October, 1943 with several training units. From April unl October, 1944, he returned to combat ying, this me inMosquitos with No. 613 Squadron with No. 2 TAF. At the end of 1944, he went back to instruconal ying. From 1948 to 1952, he ew theBristol Brigand. Also in 1952, he took part in the ghng against communist insurgents in Malaysia. He entered civilian life in 1961 with therank of Wing Commander. He died at the age of 93 on June 28th, 2006.END OF THE BATTLE. Osgood Hanbury, nicknamed ‘Pedro’, was a graduate of Eton College, began his military career in June, 1940 as a pilot ofLysanders. He volunteered to join a ghter unit on September 3, 1940, and was assigned to No. 602 Squadron. His X4382 is another represen-tave of the later Spiire Mk.I. Towards the end of the year, Hanbury had four conrmed kills to his credit. In May, 1941, he was transferredto the Middle East and No. 260 Squadron, ying Curss P-40s. On May 22nd, 1942, he received the DFC for his role in the defense of Tobruk,and he was given command of said unit with the rank of Squadron Leader. On May 22nd, 1943, he married Patrice Cecil Harman. He diedeleven days later, on June 3rd, when a Ju 88C own by Leutnant Hans Olbrecht shot down a No. 117 Squadron Lockheed Hudson, own byS/Ldr Robert Yaxley. At the me of his death, Osgood P.V. Hanbury had eleven kills to his credit.eduard47INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 48
BUILTin surfacerbuilt by Jakub Nademlejnskýeduard48INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 49
BUILTBUILTeduard49INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 50
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KITS 08/2020Recommended for Spitr Mk.I:481026 Spitre Mk.I landing aps 1/48 (PE-Set)FE1102 Spitre Mk.I seatbelts STEEL 1/48 (fotolept)644063 Spitre Mk.I early LööK 1/48 (Brassin)644064 Spitre Mk.I late LööK 1/48 (Brassin)648578 Spitre Mk.I cockpit 1/48 (Brassin)648579 Spitre Mk.I wheels 1/48 (Brassin)648580 Spitre Mk.I exhaust stacks 1/48 (Brassin)648581 Spitre Mk.I gun bays 1/48 (Brassin)EX709 Spitre Mk.I TFace 1/48 (Mask)EX713 Spitre Mk.I 1/48 (Mask)648589 Spitre Mk.I undercarriage legs BRONZE (Brassin)release 09/2020Cat. No. 644063Cat. No. 644064Cat. No. 648578Cat. No. 648580eduard56INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 57
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KITS 08/2020a/c No. 2853, 1st Flight, 11th Fighter Regiment, Žatec, Czech Republic, 19933250, International Fighter Pilots Academy , Košice, Slovak Republic, 1993378, 101st Fighter Reconaissance Wing, Szolnok Air Base, Hungary, Summer 19783246, 3rd Flight, 1. Fighter Regiment, Planá Air Base, Czechoslovakia, 1969-1970N179EP, Reno AFB, United States of America, 2009eduard59INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 60
This Zatec 11th Regiment Delns/n 2853 received this nish atthe beginning of June 1993. Itsdevelopment was undertaken bythe ground crew of No. 1 Flightwith assistance of Captain Ing.Karel Krejci, who, a quater ofa century later, from the positionof Eduard´s researcher, carefullysupervised the construction ofmarkings for the current L-29 kitWeekend edition.Introduction of this plane to thepublic came on July 10th, 1993at an airshow in Žatec. After thedisbandment of the 11th FighterRegiment, the aircraft wastransferred to the 1st TrainingRegiment at Přerov.Page 61
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KITS 08/2020RECOMMENDED:32452 Bf 108 Taifun 1/32 (PE-Set)32971 Bf 108 Weekend 1/32 (PE-Set)632150 Bf 108 wheels 1/32 (Brassin)632151 Bf 108 wooden propeller 1/32 (Brassin)632155 Bf 108 wheels spoked 1/32 (Brassin)632157 Bf 108 oil cooler 1/32 (Brassin)634017 Bf 108 LööK 1/32 (Brassin)JX253 Bf 108 TFace 1/32 (Mask)JX258 Bf 108 1/32 (Mask)WNr. 178, Stab II.(Schl.)/LG 2, Vyerdino aireld,Soviet Union, July 1941Germany, September 19391/32, Cat. No. 3404Bf 1082 marking optionsPlastic parts EduardBrassin: propellerProduct Pageeduard65INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 66
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KITS 08/2020Combined Squadron of Slovak naonal uprising, Tri Duby aireld,Slovakia, September – October 194412th Squadron, Slovak Air Forces, Eastern Front, Soviet Union, 1941B.534.187, 40th Fighter Squadron, Air Regiment 4,Prague - Kbely, Czechoslovakia, April 19387./LLG 1, Eastern Front, Soviet Union, Winter 1942 – 1943eduard67INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 68
E-BUNNYSQUATLööK set - Brassin pre-painteddashboard and STEEL seatbelts forSpitre Mk.I in 1/48 scale. Easy toassemble, replaces plastic parts.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 1 part,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: yes,pre-painted,- painting mask: no.08/2020644063Spitre Mk.I early LööK1/48 EduardProduct PageLööK set - Brassin pre-painteddashboard and STEEL seatbelts forSpitre Mk.I in 1/48 scale. Easy toassemble, replaces plastic parts.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 1 part,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: yes,pre-painted,- painting mask: no.644064Spitre Mk.I late LööK1/48 EduardProduct PagePage 69
BRASSIN 08/2020Brassin set - the 75gal drop tanks forP-51D in 1/48 scale.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 2 parts,- decals: yes,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product PageBrassin set - the 108gal drop tanks forP-51D in 1/48 scale.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 2 parts,- decals: yes,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product Page648571P-51D 75gal drop tanks1/48 Eduard648572P-51D 108gal drop tanks1/48 EduardBrassin set - the rocket launcher forSoviet / Warsaw Pact aircraft in 1/48scale. The set consists of 4 launchers.Recommended for Mi-24 by Zvezda.Set contains:- resin: 8 parts,- decals: yes,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product Page648574UB-32A-24 rocket launcher1/48eduard69INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 70
Brassin set - the rocket launcher forSoviet / Warsaw Pact aircraft in 1/48scale. The set consists of 4 launchers.Recommended for Mi-24 by Zvezda.Set contains:- resin: 12 parts,- decals: yes,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Brassin set - the ait-to-ground missi-les for Soviet / Warsaw Pact aircraftin 1/48 scale. The set consistsof 4 missiles. Recommended forMi-24 by Zvezda.Set contains:- resin: 4 parts,- decals: yes,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product PageBRASSIN 08/2020648575B8V20 rocket launcher1/486485769K114 Sturm missiles1/48Product PageBrassin set - the bazooka rocketlaunchers for P-51D in 1/48 scale.The set consists of 2 launchers.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 8 parts,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product Page648577P-51D Bazooka rocket launcher1/48 Eduardeduard70INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 71
BRASSIN 08/2020Brassin set - the cockpit for SpitreMk.I in 1/48 scale. Two versions ofthe dashboard and the seat included.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 37 parts,- decals: yes,- photo-etched details: yes,pre-painted,- painting mask: no.Product Page648578Spitre Mk.I cockpit1/48 EduardBrassin set - the undercarriage wheelsfor Spitre Mk.I in 1/48 scale. The setconsists of main wheels and a tail whe-el. Easy to assemble, replaces plasticparts.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 3 parts,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: no,- painting mask: yes.Product Page648579Spitre Mk.I wheels1/48 Eduardeduard71INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 72
Brassin set - the exhaust stacks forSpitre Mk.I in 1/48 scale. Easy toassemble, replaces plastic parts.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 2 parts,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: no,- painting mask: no.Product PageBRASSIN 08/2020648580Spitre Mk.I exhaust stacks1/48 EduardProduct PageBrassin set - the gunbays for SpitreMk.I in 1/48 scale. The set consistsof gunbays for both wings.Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 44 parts,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.648581Spitre Mk.I gun bays1/48 Eduardeduard72INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 73
Brassin set - the Eberspächer typeacountis pipes for Bf 109G in 1/482scale. The set consists of 2 versionsof the pipes (2 pairs of each).Recommended kit: EduardSet contains:- resin: 16 parts,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product PageBrassin set - the US 1000lb bombsin 1/72 scale. The set consistsof 2 bombs.Set contains:- resin: 4 parts,- decals: yes,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product Page648583Bf 109G Eberspächer acoustic pipes1/48 Eduard672244US 1000lb bombs1/72 EduardBrassin set - the US aerial torpedoof WWII in 1/72 scale. The set con-sists of 3 torpedoes with dierentwarheads.Set contains:- resin: 11 parts,- decals: no,- photo-etched details: yes,- painting mask: no.Product Page672245US torpedo Mk.131/72BRASSIN 08/2020eduard73INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 74
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A-26B Invader undercarriage 1/32 Hobby Boss (32453)A-26B Invader cockpit interior 1/32 Hobby Boss (32970)A-26B Invader 1/32 Hobby Boss (33258)A-26B Invader seatblets STEEL 1/32 Hobby Boss (33259)A-26B Invader 1/32 Hobby Boss (JX256)A-26B Invader TFace 1/32 Hobby Boss (JX257)A-26B Invader 1/32 Hobby Boss (JX256)A-26B Invader bomb bay 1/32 Hobby Boss (33454)release 09/2020A-26B Invader reat interior 1/32 Hobby Boss (32972)release 09/2020A-26B Invader1/32 Hobby BossPHOTO-ETCHED AND MASK AUGUST 2020eduard76INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 77
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Do 217J-1/21/48 ICMFM-21/72 Arma HobbyPE-SETS AND MASKS 08/2020Do 217J-1/2 exterior 1/48 ICM (481024)Do 217J-1/2 landing aps 1/48 ICM (481025)Do 217J-1/2 1/48 ICM (FE1100) (Zoom)Do 217J-1/2 seatbelts STEEL 1/48 ICM (FE1101) (Zoom)Do 217J-1/2 1/48 ICM (EX704)Do 217J-1/2 undercarriage 1/48 ICM (481027) release 09/2020FM-2 1/72 Arma Hobby (73713)FM-2 1/72 Arma Hobby (SS713) (Zoom)FM-2 1/72 Arma Hobby (CX578)eduard79INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 80
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36439 Panther Ausf. G 1/3536440 Panther Ausf. G schurzen 1/35XT222 Panther Ausf. G 1/35481012 B-17G ammo feed chutes 1/48491058 B-17G radio compartment 1/48491072 B-17G wooden oors & ammo boxes 1/48491053 F-14D 1/48FE1054 F-14D seatbelts STEEL 1/48EX672 F-14D 1/4849103 Remove Before Flight STEELBIG3598 Panther Ausf.G 1/35 Ryeeld ModelBIG49256 B-17G PART III 1/48 HKMBIG49257 F-14D 1/48 AMKProduct PageProduct PageProduct PageAll sets included in this BIG ED are available separately,but with every BIG ED set you save up to 30%.eduard82INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 83
481018 Ju 88G-6 exterior 1/48491099 Ju 88G-6 interior 1/48FE1100 Ju 88G-6 seatbelts STEEL 1/48EX707 Ju 88G-6 1/48481016 He 111Z exterior 1/48491090 He 111Z nose interior 1/48491091 He 111Z radio compartment 1/48FE1091 He 111Z seatbelts STEEL 1/48EX698 He 111Z 1/4873712 F-35B 1/72CX572 F-35B 1/72CX573 F-35B surface panels 1/7273044 Remove Before Flight STEELBIG49258 Ju 88G-6 1/48 DragonBIG49259 He 111Z 1/48 ICMBIG72159 F-35B 1/72 AcademyProduct PageProduct PageProduct PageAll sets included in this BIG ED are available separately,but with every BIG ED set you save up to 30%.eduard83INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 84
PE-SETS AND MASKS 08/2020EDUARD MASK IT FITS!JX255 Sea Gladiator 1/32 ICMJX256 A-26B Invader 1/32 Hobby BossJX257 A-26B Invader TFace 1/32 Hobby BossJX258 Bf 108 1/32 EduardEX704 Do 217J-1/2 1/48 ICMEX709 Spiire Mk.I TFace 1/48 EduardEX713 Spiire Mk.I 1/48 EduardCX575 La-5 early 1/72 Clear PropCX576 Su-35S 1/72 Great Wall HobbyCX577 F-14A 1/72 Great Wall HobbyCX578 FM-2 1/72 Arma HobbyXT226 Brummbär 1/35 AcademyJX255JX257JX257JX258CX575CX577 CX578CX576EX704JX256eduard84INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 85
KITS7096 L-29 Delfín 1/72 ProPACK11142 VERY LONG RANGE: Tales of Iwojima 1/48 Limited edition11143 THE SPITFIRE STORY: The Few 1/48 Limited edition3404 Bf 108 1/32 Weekend edition4453 Avia B.534 IV. Series 1/144 Super44PE-SETS32453 A-26B Invader undercarriage 1/32 Hobby Boss32969 Sea Gladiator 1/32 ICM32970 A-26B Invader cockpit interior 1/32 Hobby Boss32971 Bf 108 Weekend 1/32 Eduard36446 U.S. Millitary Tractor 1/35 Airx36447 KV-1 1/35 Tamiy36448 Brummbär 1/35 Academy36449 Brummbär schurzen 1/35 Academy481024 Do 217J-1/2 exterior 1/48 ICM481025 Do 217J-1/2 landing aps 1/48 ICM481026 Spitre Mk.I landing aps 1/48 Eduard491110 Do 217J-1/2 1/48 ICM72705 L-29 1/72 Eduard73713 FM-2 1/72 Arma Hobby73714 Su-35S 1/72 Great Wall Hobby73715 F-14A 1/72 Great Wall HobbyZOOMS33254 PT-17 Kaydet 1/32 Roden33255 PT-17 Kaydet seatbelts STEEL 1/32 RodenFE1097 Mi-24V 1/48 ZvezdaFE1098 Mi-24V seatbelts STEEL 1/48 ZvezdaFE1101 Mi-24V black interior (Mi-35) 1/48 ZvezdaFE1102 Spitre Mk.I 1/48 AirxFE1103 Spitre Mk.I seatbelts STEEL 1/48 AirxFE1104 Hurricane Mk.I 1/48 AirxFE1105 Hurricane Mk.I seatbelts STEEL 1/48 AirxFE1106 Bf 110D 1/48 DragonFE1107 Bf 110D seatbelts STEEL 1/48 DragonFE1108 SBD-1 1/48 AcademyFE1109 SBD-1 seatbelts STEEL 1/48 AcademyMASKSJX255 Sea Gladiator 1/32 ICMJX256 A-26B Invader 1/32 Hobby BossJX257 A-26B Invader TFace 1/32 Hobby BossJX258 Bf 108 1/32 EduardEX704 Do 217J-1/2 1/48 ICMEX709 Spitre Mk.I TFace 1/48 EduardEX713 Spitre Mk.I 1/48 EduardCX575 La-5 early 1/72 Clear PropCX576 Su-35S 1/72 Great Wall HobbyCX577 F-14A 1/72 Great Wall HobbyCX578 FM-2 1/72 Arma HobbyXT226 Brummbär 1/35 AcademyBIGEDBIG3598 Panther Ausf.G 1/35 Ryeeld ModelBIG49256 B-17G PART III 1/48 HKMBIG49257 F-14D 1/48 AMKBIG49258 Ju 88G-6 1/48 DragonBIG49259 He 111Z 1/48 ICMBIG72159 F-35B 1/72 AcademyBRASSIN644063 Spitre Mk.I early LööK 1/48 Eduard644064 Spitre Mk.I late LööK 1/48 Eduard648571 P-51D 75gal drop tanks 1/48 Eduard648572 P-51D 108gal drop tanks 1/48 Eduard648574 UB-32A-24 rocket launcher 1/48648575 B8V20 rocket launcher 1/48648576 9K114 Sturm missiles 1/48648577 P-51D Bazooka rocket launcher 1/48 Eduard648578 Spitre Mk.I cockpit 1/48 Eduard648579 Spitre Mk.I wheels 1/48 Eduard648580 Spitre Mk.I exhaust stacks 1/48 Eduard648581 Spitre Mk.I gun bays 1/48 Eduard648583 Bf 109G Eberspächer acoustic pipes 1/48 Eduard672244 US 1000lb bombs 1/72672245 US torpedo Mk.13 1/72LookPLUS644060 Bf 109G-6 LööKplus 1/48 Eduard644061 P-400 LööKplus 1/48 EduardDECALSD32001 Bf 108 national insignia 1/32 EduardD48050 WILDE SAU Bf 109G-6 JG 300 1/48 EduardD48052 Fw 190A-6 national insignia 1/48 EduardD48053 Spitre Mk.I national insignia 1/48 EduardD48054 Mi-24V/Mi-35 in Czech AF service 1/48D48055 F6F-3 part 1 1/48August 2020ReleasesPage 86
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BUILTCM.170 Magister 1/48 AMKEduard Goodiesbuilt by Angelo LodettiSest used:Cat. No. 49721 CM.170 Magister S.A. (PE-Set)Cat. No. FE721 CM.170 Magister S.A. (PE-Set)eduard88INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 89
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BIG49260 Mi-24V 1/48 ZvezdaBIG49261 Mi-24 black interior (Mi-35) 1/48 ZvezdaBIG49262 Bf 110D 1/48 DragonBIG49263 Spiire Mk.I 1/48 AirxBIG49264 Hurricane Mk.I 1/48 AirxBIG49265 SBD-1 1/48 Academy632158 US 1000lb bombs 1/32632159 A-26 Invader wheels 1/32 Hobby Boss634019 A-26B LööK 1/32 Hobby Boss644062 Tiger Moth LööK 1/48 Airx644065 Hurricane Mk.I LööK 1/48 Airx648563 GBU-31(V)3B JDAM 1/48648566 SUU-20 dispenser w/ BDU-33 & Mk.76 bombs 1/48648568 US torpedo Mk.13 1/48648585 Mi-24V/VP Pitot tubes 1/48 Zvezda648586 Mi-24VP GSh-23 cannon 1/48 Zvezda648587 Mi-24V 9A624 machine gun 1/48 Zvezda648588 Il-2 exhaust stacks 1/48 Zvezda648589 Spiire Mk.I undercarriage legs BRONZE 1/48 Eduard672246 AIM-132 ASRAAM 1/72644066 Spiire Mk.I early LööKplus 1/48 Eduard644067 Spiire Mk.I late LööKplus 1/48 EduardBIG ED (September)BRASSIN (September)LöökPlus (September)BIG49263BIG49260BIG49262ON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020BRASSIN634019 A-26B LööK 1/32 Hobby BossPRELIMINARY IMAGESeduard90INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 91
644062 Tiger Moth LööK 1/48 Airx644065 Hurricane Mk.I LööK 1/48 AirxBRASSINSEPTEMBER 2020ON APPROACHON APPROACHPRELIMINARY IMAGESPRELIMINARY IMAGESeduard91INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 92
632158 US 1000lb bombs 1/32632159 A-26 Invader wheels 1/32 Hobby BossBRASSINON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020eduard92INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 93
648563 GBU-31(V)3B JDAM 1/48BRASSINON APPROACHON APPROACH648566 SUU-20 dispenser w/ BDU-33 & Mk.76 bombs 1/48SEPTEMBER 2020eduard93INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 94
648585 Mi-24V/VP Pitot tubes 1/48 ZvezdaBRASSIN648568 US torpedo Mk.13 1/48ON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020eduard94INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 95
648586 Mi-24VP GSh-23 cannon 1/48 ZvezdaBRASSIN648587 Mi-24V 9A624 machine gun 1/48 ZvezdaON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020eduard95INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 96
648589 Spitre Mk.I undercarriage legs BRONZE 1/48 EduardBRASSIN648588 Il-2 exhaust stacks 1/48 ZvezdaON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020eduard96INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 97
672246 AIM-132 ASRAAM 1/72BRASSINON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020eduard97INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 98
BRASSIN644066 Spitre Mk.I early LööKplus 1/48 EduardCollection of 4 sets for Spitre Mk.I in 1/48 scale by Eduard.- LööK set (pre-painted Brassin dashboard & Steelbelts),- TFace painting mask,- undercarriage wheels,- exhaust stacks.ON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020eduard98INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 99
BRASSIN644067 Spitre Mk.I late LööKplus 1/48 EduardCollection of 4 sets for Spitre Mk.I in 1/48 scale by Eduard.- LööK set (pre-painted Brassin dashboard & Steelbelts),- TFace painting mask,- undercarriage wheels,- exhaust stacks.ON APPROACHON APPROACHSEPTEMBER 2020eduard99INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 100
PE-SETS53259 Bismarck part 1 1/350 Trumpeter32454 A-26B bomb bay 1/32 Hobby Boss32972 A-26B rear interior 1/32 Hobby Boss32973 PZL P.11c 1/32 IBG481027 Do 217J-1/2 undercarriage 1/48 ICM481028 B-26C Invader bomb bay 1/48 ICM481029 B-26C Invader undercarriage & exterior 1/48 ICM481030 B-25D exterior 1/48 Revell491113 B-26C Invader 1/48 ICM491114 B-26C Invader nose interior 1/48 ICM491115 P-38H 1/48 Tamiya491117 B-25D 1/48 Revell491119 O-2A 1/48 ICM72707 Sunderland Mk.III exterior 1/72 Special Hobby72708 Sunderland Mk.III bomb bay 1/72 Special Hobby72709 Sunderland Mk.III maintenance plaorms 1/72 Special Hobby73717 P-51B/C 1/72 Hasegawa/Hobby 200073718 D.520 1/72 Hasegawa/Hobby 200073721 Sunderland Mk.III interior 1/72 Special HobbyZOOMS33261 PZL P.11c 1/32 IBG33262 PZL P.11c seatbelts STEEL 1/32 IBGFE1113 B-26C Invader 1/48 ICMFE1114 B-26C Invader seatbelts STEEL 1/48 ICMFE1115 P-38H 1/48 TamiyaFE1116 P-38H seatbelts STEEL 1/48 TamiyaFE1117 B-25D 1/48 RevellFE1118 B-25D seatbelts STEEL 1/48 RevellFE1119 O-2A 1/48 ICMFE1120 O-2A seatbelts STEEL 1/48 ICMSS717 P-51B/C 1/72 Hasegawa/Hobby 2000SS718 D.520 1/72 Hasegawa/Hobby 2000SS719 F-14 F.O.D. 1/72 Great Wall HobbySS720 MiG-21PFM Weekend 1/72 EduardSS721 Sunderland Mk.III 1/72 Special HobbyMASKSJX259 PZL P.11c 1/32 IBGEX714 B-25D 1/48 RevellEX715 B-25D TFace 1/48 RevellEX716 B-26C Invader 1/48 ICMEX717 B-26C Invader TFace 1/48 ICMEX718 O-2A 1/48 ICMEX719 P-38H 1/48 TamiyaEX720 P-38H TFace 1/48 TamiyaCX579 B-25B 1/72 AirxCX580 P-51B/C Malcolm Hood canopy 1/72 Hasegawa/Hobby 2000CX581 D.520 1/72 Hasegawa/Hobby 2000CX582 Sunderland Mk.III 1/72 Special HobbyCX583 MiG-21PFM 1/72 EduardDECALSD32002 Bf 108 Taifun 1/32 EduardD48051 WILDE SAU Bf 109G-6 JG 301/302 1/48 EduardD48056 Mi-24V around the World 1/48 ZvezdaD48057 F6F-3 part 2 1/48 EduardD48058 F6F-3 stencils 1/48 EduardD48059 F6F-5 stencils 1/48 EduardD48060 Mi-24V stencils Czech 1/48 ZvezdaD48061 Mi-24V stencils Russian & English 1/48 ZvezdaPE-SETS and MasksSEPTEMBER 2020eduard100INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 101
KITSMiG-21PFMCat. No. 74541/72ON APPROACHON APPROACHNo. 6173, 927th Fighter Regiment, Phúc Yên AB, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 19794401, 3rd Squadron, 1st Fighter Regiment, České Budějovice, Czechoslovakia,rst half of 1969 – second half of 1970SEPTEMBER 2020eduard101INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 102
KITSON APPROACHON APPROACHAdlerangriffCat. No. 11107 1/ 3 2SEPTEMBER 2020eduard102INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 103
KITSON APPROACHON APPROACHAdlerangriffCat. No. 11107 1/ 3 2SEPTEMBER 2020eduard103INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 104
KITSON APPROACHON APPROACHAdlerangriff Dual ComboCat. No. 11144 1/ 4 8SEPTEMBER 2020eduard104INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 105
KITSON APPROACHON APPROACHAdlerangriff Dual ComboCat. No. 11144 1/ 4 8SEPTEMBER 2020eduard105INFO Eduard - August 2020Page 106
CHANGETHEWAYYOUPAINTZKUSTEBARVITJINAKWWW.MISSIONMODELSUS.COMWWW.EDUARD.COMMISSIONPREMIUM HOBBY PAINTS, PRIMERS & ADDITIVESMODELSNOW @ EDUARD.COMCHANGETHEWAYYOUPAINTZKUSTEBARVITJINAKWWW.MISSIONMODELSUS.COMWWW.EDUARD.COMMISSIONPREMIUM HOBBY PAINTS, PRIMERS & ADDITIVESMODELSNOW @ EDUARD.COMeduard106INFO Eduard - August 2020
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Pracovní manuály
Work manual
Editorial
Good day, my Friends! So, here we are, in the home stretch. This is our last installment of our newsletter for the year, and it was a year with very little boredom attached to it. On Saturday, we successfully completed our final show of this year, the renewed Plastic Winter in Bratislava, Slovakia. Our gratitude goes out to the organizers for a great event, and we find ourselves back hard at work in that said home stretch with the finalizing of the development of the P-40E Warhawk kit in 1:48th scale, as well as with the development of accessories for it.
Úvodník
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé! Jdeme do finále. Máme před sebou poslední Info tohoto roku, ve kterém jsme se v žádném případě nenudili. V sobotu jsme úspěšně absolvovali poslední výstavu v tomto roce, obnovenou Plastikovou zimu v Bratislavě. Byla to dobrá akce, opravdový vrchol sezony, perfektně zorganizovaný v pěkných prostorech, s nesmírně přátelskou a příjemnou atmosférou. Děkujeme organizátorům za skvělou akci. A abych nezapomněl, děkujeme za koláčky :-) . Nyní jsme zpět v práci a do finále jdeme také s vývojem stavebnice P-40E Warhawk 1/48, stejně jako s vývojem doplňků k ní.
Ace in a Single Dogfight
During World War II, legendary Spitfire fighter planes were flown by pilots of many nationalities. Many of them fought and achieved victories, some became flying aces during the war, a few even earned this status in a single day. However, only one pilot flying a Spitfire managed to shoot down five aircraft in a single dogfight. That pilot was Canadian F/Lt Richard Joseph "Dick" Audet.
Esem během jediného souboje
S legendárními stíhacími letouny Spitfire v průběhu 2. světové války bojovali a vítězili letci mnoha národností. Řada z nich se během válečných let stala leteckými esy, někteří z nich tohoto statusu docílilo během jednoho dne. Avšak na letounech Spitfire jen jeden pilot dokázal sestřelit pět letadel během jednoho souboje. Byl jím kanadský pilot F/Lt Richard Joseph „Dick“ Audet.
Válečné muzeum Atény
Přímo v centru Atén, nedaleko proslaveného náměstí Syntagma, se nachází Válečné muzeum (v angličtině Athens War Museum, v řečtině Πολεμικο Μουσειο), náležící řeckým ozbrojeným silám. Budova je umístěna na rohu ulic Vassilissis Sofias a Rizari a zájemci se do něj dostanou například metrem linky 3 (modrá), když vystoupí na stanici Evangelismós. Také lze použít autobusy č. 203, 211 či 235. Muzeum má rovněž své pobočky v jiných částech země – např. Thessaloniki (Soluň), Chania, Rethymo, Nauplion nebo Chalkida.
War Museum Athens
Smack dab in the center of Athens, near the famous Syntagma Square, is the War Museum Athens (Πολεμικο Μουσειο in Greek), belonging to the Greek Armed Forces. The building is located on the corner of Vassilissis Sofias and Rizari Streets and those interested can get there in several ways, such as using Metro Line 3 (Blue) and getting off at Evangelismós Station. You can also use buses no. 203, 211 or 235. The museum also has branches in other parts of the country, such as Thessaloniki (Thessaloníki), Chania, Rethymno, Nafplion or Chalkida.
Aerial War in Ukraine - Russia Gave Ukraine the Wreckage of Its Latest Combat Drone
“We wanted the best, but it turned out as always.” This famous quote from Russian statesman Viktor Chernomyrdin in 1993 has become widely known and is deeply ingrained in Russian culture. It is also fitting for the biggest event of the observed period (October 1–31), which was the loss of the latest Russian combat drone, the Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B, during one of its first operational deployments.
Page 18Letecká vojna na Ukrajine - Rusi darovali Ukrajincom trosky svojho najnovšieho bojového dronu
Chceli sme to najlepšie a dopadlo to ako vždy. Tento výrok ruského štátnika Viktora Černomyrdina z roku 1993 sa stal svetoznámym a v Rusku doslova zľudovel. Hodí sa aj na najväčšiu udalosť sledovaného obdobia (1. 10. až 31, 10.), ktorou bola strata najnovšieho ruského bojového dronu Suchoj S-70 Ochotnik-B pri jednom z jeho prvých operačných nasadení.
November 16, 1944
November 16, 1944 would prove to be a heavy day of aerial combat. Luftflotte 4’s Fliegerkorps 1 would put up about 420 flights of which 163 were with fighter variants of the Bf 109. By the end of the day 28 enemy aircraft would be claimed destroyed with 6 more damaged. All combat stations, whether operational or otherwise, were busy adjusting to the Hungarian sector they now found themselves in. With the front line approaching the capital city of Budapest, the pressure of consistently performing at the highest level must have been great for every combatant: German, Hungarian or Soviet. Fighter pilot Hptm. Erich Hartmann of II./JG 52 was no exception. With well over 300 claims under his belt much was expected of him and his unit to fight back against the broad Soviet push headed westward. That day the weather would reach a high of 9 degrees Celsius with partially cloudy skies, an ideal environment for surprise attacks by fighter aircraft.
16. listopad 1944
16. listopad 1944 se ukázal být na východní frontě těžkým dnem plným leteckých bojů. Fliegerkorps 1, náležící k Luftflotte 4, uskutečnila asi 420 letů, z toho 163 se stíhacími variantami Bf 109. Do konce dne bylo zničeno 28 nepřátelských letadel a dalších 6 bylo poškozeno. Všechna bojová stanoviště, ať už operační či jiná, měla plné ruce práce s přizpůsobováním se maďarskému sektoru, v němž se nyní nacházela. Skutečnost, že se frontová linie blížila k hlavnímu městu Budapešti, vyvíjela tlak na nejvyšší výkony všech bojujících stran: německé, maďarské i sovětské. Stíhací pilot Hptm. Erich Hartmann z II./JG 52 nebyl výjimkou. S více než 300 nárokovanými vítězstvími na kontě se od něj a jeho jednotky očekávalo, že se ubrání širokému sovětskému náporu směřujícímu na západ. Toho dne mělo počasí dosáhnout až 9 stupňů Celsia s částečně zataženou oblohou, což bylo ideální prostředí pro překvapivé útoky stíhacích letounů.
Tail End Charlie - How to Choose a Gift for a Modeler
The end of the year is approaching, and during its final days, many of our customers will celebrate Christmas, a holiday often associated with gift-giving tradition. Every year, families of modelers face the same challenge: What gift should we choose for the modeler in our lives? For family members, a model kit might seem like just another colorful box filled with boring gray plastic parts. Yet, for reasons that often seem mysterious, the modeler greets its contents—and sometimes even the packaging—with an enthusiasm comparable to a fisherman who has just landed the catch of a lifetime.
Tail End Charlie - Jak vybrat dárek pro modeláře
Blíží se konec roku a v jeho posledních dnech velká část našich zákazníků slaví Vánoce. Tento svátek je spojen s nadělováním dárků. A pro rodiny modelářů každý rok nastává problém. Co modelářům a modelářkám vybrat jako dárek? Pro členy rodin je stavebnice často jen další barevnou krabicí s nudnými šedými plastovými díly a ze záhadného důvodu nad jejím obsahem a často i obalem modelář projevuje nadšení, srovnatelné s rybářem, který chytil svůj životní úlovek.
Return through the Kuban Bridgehead
Fighter pilot Viktor Petermann stands out as a fascinating figure in the history of the Luftwaffe. During his service on the Eastern Front in 1942, he served as a Kaczmarek (wingman) to several JG 52 Kommodores. He displayed his flying and combat skills on numerous occasions, and, despite losing his left arm toward the war's end, he returned to combat, even briefly piloting Me 262 jets with JG 7 before ending the war on the Eastern Front with JG 52. His name appeared frequently in the German press during the war, several times even in detailed articles, one of which recounted his remarkable return across the front lines from enemy territory at the Kuban in June 1943.
Návrat kubáňským předmostím
Stíhací pilot Viktor Petermann je velmi zajímavou postavou historie Luftwaffe. Během služby na východní frontě v roce 1942 byl Kaczmarkem (wingmanem) několika Kommodorů JG 52. Mnohokrát prokázal své letecké a bojové dovednosti, po ztrátě levé ruky se na konci války vrátil k bojovému létání, dokonce krátce létal s proudovými Me 262 u JG 7, válku pak ukončil u své JG 52 na východní frontě. Během války bylo jeho jméno mnohokrát zmíněno v německém tisku formou poměrně podrobných článků. Jeden z nich se týkal jeho neuvěřitelného návratu z nepřátelského týlu přes frontovou linii na Kubáni v červnu 1943.
How to Work with Plastic? Part II
Many less experienced modelers often feel apprehensive about cutting into plastic or thinning parts to accommodate additional detailing or conversion sets. In this section, I want to reassure readers that these more advanced modeling techniques are not difficult and that, with the right tools, achieving the necessary modifications is quite manageable. Most larger Brassin sets require modelers to make similar adjustments to their builds. For those hesitant to purchase aftermarket sets due to this process, I aim to show that, with a bit of practice, anyone can master it. In this article, I will demonstrate how to prepare a 1/48 P-51B/C wing for the Brassin gun bay set. I will present two methods: one using only basic modeling tools, and the other employing a motorized Proxxon tool.
Jak na plasty? Část II. – příprava plastů na zástavbu doplňkových sad
Mnoho méně zkušených modelářů má velkou fobii z řezání do plastů nebo z většího ztenčování plastových dílů pro zástavbu doplňkových sad. V tomto díle bych chtěl čtenářům představit, že tyto pokročilejší modelářské činnosti nejsou nic těžkého a s využitím vhodných nástrojů a pomůcek se dá snadno dobrat k potřebným úpravám. Prakticky všechny větší brassinové sady po modeláři vyžadují, aby podobné úpravy při jejich zástavbách provedl. Pokud se někteří modeláři obávají doplňkové sady kupovat právě kvůli zmíněným úpravám, chtěl bych jim ukázat, že to s trochou praxe zvládnou i oni. V článku demonstruji přípravu křídla P-51B/C 1/48 pro zástavbu brassinové sady zbraňových šachet. Představím dvě metody – za pomocí pouze základních modelářských nástrojů a poté s pomocí jemné vrtačky a frézky od firmy Proxxon.
FIREWORKS OVER BUDAPEST
In 1944 Hungarian oil took on an added importance in the planning of Germany’s oil plant dispersal program. Hungarian crude had always been of particular value in view of its 30 per cent gasoline content as compared with an average gasoline content of German and Austrian crude oils of not more than 10 per cent. In the Geilenberg dispersal program an important part in gasoline production was to be played by the plants designated as Ofen, which were primitive topping plants. Over twenty of these plants were planned and their most efficient feedstock would have been Hungarian crude by the use of which the gasoline offtake of these plants would ‘have been three times as large as the use of German crudes would have allowed. While the capacities of the Hungarian refineries were small compared to other larger refineries in other Axis held European countries, their value to the Axis was greatly out of proportion to their capacities because of their strategic locations and because Hungarian crude oil was being produced in excess of Hungarian refining capacity. Air offensive against Hungarian important strategical war targets started in February 1944, but the first raid on oil refinery was on 14 June 1944, performed by the USAAF during daylight. The first night attack of the RAF bombers was realized on night from 12 to 13. June 1944, when oil refinery was bombed. The raiders were the crews of 205. Group RAF. And more attacks on Hungarian oil refineries followed...
OHŇOSTROJ NAD BUDAPEŠTOU
V roku 1944 nadobudla maďarská ropa ďalší význam pri plánovaní pre Tretiu Ríšu. Maďarská ropa mala vždy mimoriadnu hodnotu vzhľadom na jej 30-percentný obsah benzínu v porovnaní s priemerným obsahom benzínu v nemeckej a rakúskej rope nepresahujúcim 10 percent. V Geilenbergovom disperznom programe mali zohrávať dôležitú úlohu pri výrobe benzínu závody označené ako Ofen, ktoré boli primitívnymi závodmi na výrobu základných produktov. Plánovalo sa vyše dvadsať týchto tovární a ich najefektívnejšou surovinou by bola maďarská ropa, pri použití ktorej by odber benzínu z týchto elektrární „bol trikrát taký veľký, ako by dovolilo použitie nemeckej ropy“. Zatiaľ čo kapacity maďarských rafinérií boli v porovnaní s inými väčšími rafinériami v iných európskych krajinách držaných Osy malé, ich hodnota pre Ríšu bola značne neúmerná ich kapacitám z dôvodu ich strategickej polohy a toho, že maďarská ropa sa ťažila nadmieru maďarskej spracovateľskej kapacity. Letecká ofenzíva proti dôležitým maďarským strategickým vojnovým cieľom začala vo februári 1944, ale prvý nálet na ropnú rafinériu bol 14. júna 1944, ktorý vykonalo USAAF za denného svetla. Prvý nočný útok na rafinériu Almásfüzitő sa uskutočnil v noci z 12. na 13. júna 1944. Jeho aktérmi boli posádky 205. skupiny RAF. A ďalšie útoky na maďarské rafinérie na seba nenechali dlho čakať...
12/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
12/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
11/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
11/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
10/2024
10/2024
10/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
10/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
09_Special E-Day/2024
Vážení přátelé, modeláři, hosté a návštěvníci E-daye, V dnešním krátkém mimořádném vydání Infa vás seznámíme s plánovaným programem letošního E-daye, který se koná v sobotu 28. září 2024 v hale muzea na Tankodromu Milovice. Výstava je jednodenní, ale jako obvykle bude výstavní hala otevřena, nejen pro vystavující modeláře, již v pátek od 17:00. Na pátek máme připravený malý program pro všechny časné příchozí. Tento podvečerní program má dva body. Prvním bude představení novinek Eduardu na rok 2025, které se bude opakovat i v sobotu. Druhým bodem bude beseda s Jiřím Šilhánkem, zakladatelem a majitelem firmy Special Hobby. Jiří je velká osobnost našeho oboru, který své podnikání rozjížděl dávno před všemi ostatními českými firmami, hluboko v osmdesátých letech. Jeho historky z dějin plastikového modelářství jsou neuvěřitelné a všem doporučuji si je poslechnout. Věřte mi, že to stojí za páteční cestu do Milovic!
09/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
09/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
08/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
08/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
07/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
07/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
06/2024 - Special
Vážení přátelé, dnešní mimořádné číslo Infa je věnováno mimořádné stavebnici, The Bloody Hundredth 1943/ B-17F 1:48. Tato stavebnice vydávaná v řadě LIMITED patří mezi položky, jejichž základem jsou výlisky nakoupené u spolupracujících firem. V tomto případě jde o výlisky firmy Hong Kong Models, HKM. Tentokrát jde ovšem spolupráce mezi našimi firmami dál, než je v podobných případech dodávek výlisků zvykem. Speciálně k této stavebnici jsme zkonstruovali konverzní rámeček s čirými díly, obsahující další verze přídí B-17F, než které obsahuje původní sestava dílů stavebnice HKM. Tento rámeček jsme zkonstruovali v Eduardu, pochopitelně s využitím konstrukce HKM, na kterou nové díly navazují. Forma na něj byla vyrobena firmou HKM v jejich čínské nástrojárně, výlisky byly vyrobeny tamtéž.
06/2024 Special EN
Dear Friends, Today's special issue of the newsletter is dedicated to an extraordinary kit, ‘The Bloody Hundredth 1943 / B-17F’ in 1:48th scale. This kit, released in the LIMITED edition line, falls under the group of items based on moldings purchased from partner companies. In this case, the plastic is supplied by Hong Kong Models, HKM. This time, however, the cooperation between our companies goes further than is customary in similar endeavors. Specifically for this kit, we have designed an additional set of clear parts that cover variations used on the B-17F nose that were not a part of the original HKM release. We designed the new parts to fit the HKM kit specifically. The mold for it was cut at HKM in their Chinese tool shop, and the parts are produced by them.
06/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
06/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
05/2024
INFO Eduard je modelářsko-historický měsíčník, který od roku 2010 v českém a anglickém jazyce publikuje společnost Eduard Model Accessories. Magazín je dostupný zdarma na platformě Triobo a je možné jej stáhnout také v PDF verzi. Společnost Eduard je výrobcem plastikových modelů a doplňků s více než 30letou tradicí. Během svého působení v oboru plastikového modelářství se společnost Eduard zařadila mezi jeho světové lídry. Další podrobnosti o společnosti a jejím sortimentu najdete na www.eduard.com. Zde se můžete mimo jiné zdarma přihlásit k odebírání magazínu INFO a produktových informací: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
05/2024
INFO Eduard is a monthly scale model-historical magazine published in Czech and English by Eduard Model Accessories since 2010. The magazine is available for free on the Triobo platform and can be downloaded in PDF format. Eduard is a manufacturer of plastic models and accessories with over 30 years of tradition. Throughout its history in the plastic modeling industry, Eduard has become one of the world's leaders. Further details about the company and its product range can be found at www.eduard.com. You can subscribe to the INFO magazine and receive product information for free at: https://www.eduard.com/cs/info-eduard/
04/2024
Dobrý večer, vážení přátelé! Máme za sebou hektický březen. Chápu, že vám to asi tak nepřijde, ale ona každá hospoda vypadá jinak z jídelny a jinak z kuchyně. Aby byl pohled z jídelny, tedy od vás zákazníků, pozitivní, nezbývá personálu v kuchyni, tedy nám, aby se pořádně oháněl.
04/2024
Good evening, dear Friends, We've had a hectic March. I understand that it might not seem that way to you, but every bar looks different from the dining room than it does from the kitchen. In order for the view from the dining room, in other words, from you, the customers, to be positive, the staff in the kitchen (us), has little choice but to be very busy. So, hectic is good.
03/2024
Určitě nejsem sám, komu se pravidelně stává, že se jeho předpoklady a představy o průběhu nějaké události nenaplní a výsledek je zcela opačný, než jaká byla očekávání s onou událostí spojená. Mě se to naposledy stalo před měsícem v Norimberku. Co jsem od veletrhu čekal, si jistě pamatujete z minulého úvodníku. Z mé skeptické předpovědi nevyšlo prakticky nic. Ne že by se už veletrh vrátil tam, kde byl za starých časů před covidovými lockdowny, ale byl výrazně živější, zajímavější a ve svém výsledku zábavnější a užitečnější, než bych si troufl očekávat. Troufnu si dokonce tipnout, že podobný názor má víc vystavovatelů. Mimo jiné se opakovala situace z loňska, že rozhovory a setkání byla daleko vřelejší, přátelštější a otevřenější, než kdykoli v minulosti. Možná je to jen můj pocit, ale přijde mi, že jsme se navzájem zase rádi viděli, v mnoha případech i po několika letech. V takových případech si uvědomíte, jak vám ti lidé, které jste vídal tak nějak samozřejmě a nepřišlo vám na tom nic zvláštního, přirostli k srdci a jak vám chyběli. Pak se tak hovory víc otevřou, a to je fajn.
03/2024
I know I’m not alone, when a concept and its associated assumptions turn out exactly opposite to what the expected outcome was. The last time it happened to me was a month ago in Nuremberg.
Jak na plasty II
Mnoho méně zkušených modelářů má velkou fobii z řezání do plastů nebo z většího ztenčování plastových dílů pro zástavbu doplňkových sad. V tomto díle bych chtěl čtenářům představit, že tyto pokročilejší modelářské činnosti nejsou nic těžkého a s využitím vhodných nástrojů a pomůcek se dá snadno dobrat k potřebným úpravám. Prakticky všechny větší brassinové sady po modeláři vyžadují, aby podobné úpravy při jejich zástavbách provedl. Pokud se někteří modeláři obávají doplňkové sady kupovat právě kvůli zmíněným úpravám, chtěl bych jim ukázat, že to s trochou praxe zvládnou i oni. V článku demonstruji přípravu křídla P-51B/C 1/48 pro zástavbu brassinové sady zbraňových šachet. Představím dvě metody – za pomocí pouze základních modelářských nástrojů a poté s pomocí jemné vrtačky a frézky od firmy Proxxon.
How work with Plastic II
Many less experienced modelers often feel apprehensive about cutting into plastic or thinning parts to accommodate additional detailing or conversion sets. In this section, I want to reassure readers that these more advanced modeling techniques are not difficult and that, with the right tools, achieving the necessary modifications is quite manageable. Most larger Brassin sets require modelers to make similar adjustments to their builds. For those hesitant to purchase aftermarket sets due to this process, I aim to show that, with a bit of practice, anyone can master it. In this article, I will demonstrate how to prepare a 1/48 P-51B/C wing for the Brassin gun bay set. I will present two methods: one using only basic modeling tools, and the other employing a motorized Proxxon tool.
Jak na plasty
V tomto článku o pracovních postupech bych se chtěl věnovat těm nejzákladnějším modelářským postupům a technikám a demonstrovat nářadí, které mi pomáhá při rutinních činnostech, které by měl každý modelář zvládat. K této demonstraci jsem si vybral nový model P-51B/C 1/48, který má spoustu vychytávek pro jednoduché lepení modelu, například spodní vtoky u dílů, což především začátečníkům velmi usnadní práci. Pro zkušené modeláře se bude na první pohled nejspíš jednat o zbytečnou spotřebu digitálního papíru, ovšem přečtení doporučuji i jim. Opakování je totiž matka moudrosti!
How to Work with Plastic?
In this workflow article, I will cover the most basic modeling procedures and techniques, presenting the tools that help with usual activities every modeler should master. For this demonstration, I've chosen the new P-51B/C 1/48 scale kit, which includes several features for easy assembly, such as the parts being connected to the sprues from the bottom, making it especially beginner-friendly.
Step by Step P-51B 1/48
Stavební postup k P-51B 1/48.
Step by Step P-51B 1/48
Step by Step for P-51B 1/48.
Jak na 3D tisky
Poslední roky se v modelářství stále více rozmáhá využití 3D tisku, a to převážně pro výrobu doplňků. I v Eduardu jsme se před několika lety rozhodli pustit do této technologie, která z velké části vytlačila klasickou výrobu Brassinů, tedy metodu odlévání. Dnes přímým tiskem vyrábíme již okolo 80 % produkce Brassinů.
How to Work with 3D Prints in Modeling
In recent years, 3D printing has gained widespread popularity in the modeling industry, particularly for accessory production. A few years ago Eduard, too, embraced this technology, gradually replacing traditional casting methods with direct printing, constituting approximately 80% of our Brassin production.
Jak na obtisky Eduard
How to apply Eduard decals
Jak na Space ?
Exploring Space
Nové masky od Eduard
New masks by Eduard
Práce s Eddie the Riveter
Work with Eddie the Riveter
Práce s fotolepty část I
How to Work with PE-Set part I
Práce s fotolepty část II
How to Work with PE-Set part II
Jak sestavit tištěné klapy
How to build printed landing flaps
Step by Step Kurfürst
Step by Step Kurfürst
Step by Step motor F4F-4
Step by Step engine F4F-4
02/2024
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé! Dnešní úvodník píši zase po roce v Norimberku. Letošní Spielenwarenmesse začal v úterý, dnes jsme přesně v polovině, veletrh končí v sobotu. Pořadatelé se s německou houževnatostí drží pěti dnů trvání akce, čímž jdou většině účastníků pěkně na nervy. Je to sice lepší než šest dnů, které na nás zkoušeli dříve, ale stále je to nejméně o den víc, než tu chceme a potřebujeme být. Z hlediska účasti firem je veletrh letos určitě lepší než loni, ale pokud jde o návštěvníky, obchodníky a žurnalisty, tak je situace víceméně stále bídná. Panuje tu klid. Klid je někdy fajn, ale na veletrhu je klid asi tak to poslední, co na něm chce vystavovatel zažít. Možná se to zítra a pozítří změní a veletrh ožije, ale žádné indicie k tomu nemáme. Tak začínáme uvažovat o odboji. Jak to dopadlo vám napíšu v příštím úvodníku.
02/2024
Good day, Dear Friends After a year, I am writing today's editorial once again from Nuremberg. This year's Spielenwarenmesse started on Tuesday, and today, we are exactly at the halfway point, as the fair ends on Saturday. With German tenacity, the organizers are sticking with the five-day duration of the event, which gets on the nerves of most participants.
01/2024
Vítejte v novém roce, vážení přátelé, vítejte u tříkrálového Infa! Lednové novinky jsou již bezmála tři týdny v prodeji, předpokládám tedy, že jste s nimi již zevrubně seznámeni a mnozí je již máte doma. Přesto musím zmínit, že z mého pohledu začínáme letošní rok pěkně zostra. Při prvním pohledu na čtvrtkového Albatrosa D.III to tak možná nevypadá, ale i on byl svého času vrcholovým predátorem válečného nebe a stavebnice přináší vrcholný mix příběhů a osudů jeho pilotů i jejich soupeřů tak, jak je u nás dobrým zvykem. Měli jsme také více než dobrý důvod si toto téma oživit, jak se za chvíli dočtete.
01/2024
Welcome to the New Year! January’s new releases have been on sale for almost three weeks now, so I assume that you are already thoroughly familiar with them and many of you already have them in your posession. Nevertheless, I have to mention that, from my point of view, we are starting this year off with a bit of a bang. A first glance at the 48th scale Albatros D.III may not indicate this, but it too was once the top predator in a sky dominated by war clouds, and this kit offers a superb mix of stories and fates of its pilots and their opponents, as is our custom to uncover over the course of a kit’s development. We also had more than good reason to revive this topic, as you are about to find out.
12/2023
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé! Po tříleté přestávce jsme se letos opět vypravili do Telfordu, a je dobře, že jsme se odhodlali tam jet. Přeci jen je Británie kolébkou našeho byznysu, výstava v Telfordu je největší výstavou v našem oboru a chybět na ní by byla chyba. V příštím roce budeme na výstavy vyrážet dál. Na přelomu ledna a února začneme tradičně v Norimberku. Pevně doufám, že tam letos potkáme víc kolegů z jiných firem i víc obchodníků a novinářů než loni. Přiznám se, že jsem trochu napjatý. Podle účasti firem v Norimberku můžeme posuzovat nakolik se svět vrací do normálu a všichni bychom byli určitě rádi za zjištění, že tomu tak je a svět se do normálu opravdu vrací.
12/2023
Good day, Dear Friends, After a three-year break, we made a return to Telford, and it was a triumphant return at that! After all, Britain is the cradle of our business, and the Telford event is the biggest exhibition in our field and it would be a mistake to miss it. Our plan is to continue attending such events, beginning with Nuremberg in January/February.
11/2023
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé! S listopadovými novinkami jsme na tom stejně jako s říjnovými, také už jsou druhý týden v prodeji, a tak už je přinejmenším velká část čtenářů Infa zná, pokud už je rovnou nemá doma. Někteří už je dokonce lepí, a ano, jsou i tací, kteří už je mají dokonce postavené. To ovšem není v případě Bf 109 G-2 nebo G-4, obsahu té nej nej nej dvaasedmdesátinové novinky, nic složitého.
11/2023
Good Day, Dear Friends We find ourselves in the same situation with November’s new releases as we did with the October ones, in that they also have been available for purchase a couple of weeks ahead of the newsletter announcement, meaning that they will already be known to a large percentage of readers and perhaps even in their possession.
10/2023
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé, vítám vás u zvláštního vydání Infa, věnovaného 21. ročníku E-Daye, konanému 23. září letošního roku na Tankodromu Milovice. Po necelém měsíci ji vy, kdo jste v Milovicích byli, máte ještě v živé paměti, ale věříme, že si ji díky dnešnímu Speciálu Infa znovu rádi připomenete. A ti, kdo tam s námi nebyli, se mohou inspirovat k návštěvě E-Daye příští rok. Bude se konat opět v Milovicích 28. září 2024.
10/2023
Good day, Dear Friends Welcome to our special edition of the newsletter dedicated to the 21st installment of E-Day, held on September 23rd of this year at the Milovice Tankodrom museum. After less than a month, those of you who were in Milovice still remember it vividly, but I believe that thanks to today's newsletter special, you won’t mind being reminded. And those who were not there with us can be inspired to visit E-day next year. It will be held again in Milovice on September 28, 2024.
10/2023
Jak se vám líbilo na E-dayi? Nebojte se, nehodlám dnes důkladně popisovat tamní dění, tomu se bude věnovat Speciál Infa, připravovaný na druhý týden v říjnu. V dnešním čísle ovšem najdete alespoň základní fotogalerii. Letošní druhý ročník E-Daye v Milovicích potvrdil potenciál areálu Tankodromu pro akci tohoto typu. Můžeme tedy ladit a vymýšlet další body programu, hodící se do našeho konceptu modelářské výstavy.
10/2023
How did you like E-Day? Don’t worry, I’m not going to take up precious real estate thoroughly describing the event today, since that will be covered in a Special Edition of our newsletter, slated to come out the second week of October. However, in today’s issue you will find a basic photo gallery of what was there. This year, the second to be held in Milovice, confirmed the potential of the Tankodrom for an event of this type. With that, we can continue to evolve and develop the program to satisfy the concept that goes hand in hand with the venue.
09/2023
Informace o výstavě E-Day 2023 a soutěži Czech Model Masters – program, instrukce pro dopravu, seznam prodejců a mnoho dalšího
09/2023
Vážení přátelé, Jsme zpět z Texasu, v pilné práci na dalších projektech. Jak jsem zmiňoval v minulém úvodníku, jedním z účelů naší cesty, kromě obvyklé reprezentace na dnes již opět pravidelné IPMS USA National Convention, byl i průzkum a dokumentace zachovalých exemplářů P-40 Warhawk.
09/2023
Dear Friends, We’re back from Texas, hard at work on upcoming projects. As I mentioned in the last editorial, one of the purposes of our trip, in addition to our usual participation at the IPMS USA National convention, was to have a good, close up look at several P-40 examples.
08/2023
Vážení přátelé, vítám vás u srpnového Infa a zdravím z texaského Corpus Christi, kudy s kolegy projíždíme na cestě do San Marcos na tradiční letní IPMS USA Nats. Budeme v Texasu dva týdny, po Nats se přesuneme na sever do Dallasu, kde je naším hlavním plánem studium tří exemplářů P-40 Warhawk. Chceme si ověřit nějaké detaily a průběhy křivek a případně si nějaké pasáže naskenovat.
08/2023
Dear Friends Welcome to the August edition of our newsletter and greetings from Corpus Christi, Texas, where my colleagues and I are passing through on our way to San Marcos for the traditional summer IPMS USA Nats. We will be in Texas for two weeks, after the Nats we will move north to Dallas where our main goal is to study three P-40 Warhawks.
07/2023
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé! Ještě před koncem první poloviny letošního roku jsme stihli přestěhovat do nového areálu v Sedleci balení modelů. To nám významně zjednodušilo logistiku, protože dosud jsme výlisky vozili z Obrnic do Mostu, kde jsme stavebnice zabalili a odvezli je do skladu obchodního oddělení v Sedleci. Ta místa od sebe nejsou daleko, je to v řádu jednotek kilometrů, ale i tak jsme se dost najezdili. Teď dělí balení modelů a sklad obchodního oddělení jedna stěna a dvoje dveře, sklad výlisků je přes dvůr.
07/2023
Hello, dear friends! Even before the end of the first half of this year, we managed to move our model packaging operation to our new facility in Sedlec. This significantly simplifies our logistics, because until now, we would typically move the plastic pressings from Obrnice to Most, where they would be packed into kits, and then transported them to our warehouse and sales department in Sedlec.
06/2023
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé, mezi 84 novinkami připravenými pro červen vyčnívá dvaasedmdesátinová limitka s názvem Wunderschöne neue Maschinen. Těmi báječnými novými stroji jsou Messerschmitty Bf 109 F, které při svém zavedení do výzbroje německé Luftwaffe na začátku roku 1941 přinesly nárůst výkonů a kvality německého stíhacího letectva.
06/2023
Good day, Dear Friends Among the 84 new items being released for June, the 72nd Limited Edition kit dubbed “Wunderschöne neue Maschinen” stands out. This “Wonderful New Machines” kit centres around the Messerschmitt Bf 109F, which, when introduced into the arsenal of the Luftwaffe at the beginning of 1941, brought an increase in the performance and quality of German fighters committed to aerial combat.
05/2023
Dobrý den, vážení přátelé! Na začátku května se soutěžní sezóna pěkně rozjíždí. Máme za sebou tradiční Mošoň, v sobotu se koná Kit show v Kopřivnici, a tak je čas říci si také něco o letošním E-dayi. E-day 2023 se koná v sobotu 23. září na Tankodromu v Milovicích. Pojedeme podle stejného schématu jako vloni, tedy se začátkem pro vystavující modeláře v pátek odpoledne, a to včetně podvečerního programu.
05/2023
Good Day, Dear Friends We are at the beginning of May, and so the competition season is revving up nicely. We have just had the traditional Moson event and the Kit Show takes place in Kopřivnice on Saturday, so it´s a good time to talk about this year´s E-day. E-day 2023 takes place on Saturday, September 23 at the Tankodrom in Milovice and we will be following the same scheme as last year, meaning that exhibiting modelers begin on Friday afternoon and will include the early evening program.
04/2023
Dobrý večer, vážení přátelé! Máme přestěhované obchodní oddělení. K včerejšímu dni jsme tak definitivně ukončili naši činnost v areálu Rico, kde obchodní oddělení a také oddělení kompletace stavebnic sídlilo od června roku 2019. A kde také v prosinci 2020 vyhořel sklad výlisků pro stavebnice. Přiznám se, že jsem po požáru doufal v rychlejší přestěhování do nějakých nových prostor. Hned na jaře a v létě 2020 jsme začali připravovat stavbu nové haly, ale turbulentní situace na stavebním trhu v roce 2021 nám tento záměr zhatila. Na podzim 2021 jsme začali jednat o koupi staršího areálu v Sedleci, sousední vesnici vzdálené asi pět kilometrů od Obrnic.
04/2023
Good evening, Dear Friends We have completed our retail department move. As of yesterday, we have vacated the facility in Most that since June, 2019, has served as our main retail headquarters as well as the facility that served as final kit packaging. It’s also the facility in which we lost a lot of the plastic for our kits when a fire broke out in December 2020. I admit to having hoped for an earlier move to a new facility after that fire. Immediately in the spring and summer of 2020, we prepared for a new-build facility, but that was ultimately quelled by the turbulent supply issues in the construction industry.
03/2023
Dobrý den, dámy a pánové! Máme zavřeno. Dnes představované březnové novinky si sice můžete prohlédnout a prostudovat jak na následujících stránkách, tak na našem e-shopu, ale nekoupíte je tam. Chápu, zní to šíleně. Nejde ale o žádný rafinovaný marketingový tah, prostě se stěhujeme. Přesně řečeno, stěhujeme obchodní oddělení. To je také důvod, proč v následujících sedmi dnech nebude možné objednávat na e-shopu. Jak jste ale jistě zaznamenali, bylo na druhou stranu možné tyto novinky nakoupit již od minulého pátku, rovněž tak jsou již k dispozici u našich obchodních partnerů.
03/2023
Good day, Ladies and Gentlemen, We’re closed. Although you are certainly able to view and study our March release listing within these pages or at our e-shop, any purchases will have to be postponed. I understand that this sounds a little nuts, but it is not the result of some underhanded marketing ploy. It is a function of the fact that we are moving our entire retail department. It is also the reason why no sales will be going through our e-shop for the next seven days. As you will have probably already noted, the new items were available for early purchase from last Friday, and they will be available from our retail partners as well.
02/2023
Vážení přátelé, vítejte u únorového Infa! Dnes začíná Norimberský veletrh hraček (Nuremberg Toy Fair). Po dvouleté přestávce se vracíme do Norimberku a, nebudete tomu věřit, vůbec netušíme, co nás tam čeká.
02/2023
Dear Friends, Welcome to the February Newsletter! The Nuremberg Toy Fair started yesterday. After a two year hiatus, we are coming back to Nuremberg, and as hard as it may be to believe, we have no idea of what to expect
01/2023
Vážení přátelé, milí modeláři, vítejte u prvního Infa roku 2023. V lednovém čísle vás tradičně seznamuji s projekty připravenými na aktuální rok. Ani letos tomu nebude jinak, takže se do toho seznamování pustíme rovnou bez zbytečných řečí kolem. Začneme lednem, jehož novinky jsou v prodeji na našem e-shopu již od minulého týdne.
01/2023
Dear Friends and Fellow Modellers, Welcome to the first newsletter of 2023. The January issue traditionally introduces our planned projects for the year. This year will be no different, so we’ll waste no time and get right down to the nitty gritty. We’ll start off with January, new releases for which are already available from our e-shop and have been since last week.
12/2022
Easy reading
12/2022
Easy reading
11/2022
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